The effect of underweight on female and male reproduction
| Autor: | Loukas Athanasiadis, Panagiotis D. Pappas, Gesthimani Mintziori, Meletios P. Nigdelis, Chrysoula Boutari, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Christos S. Mantzoros |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Infertility Male medicine.medical_specialty Pediatrics Anorexia Nervosa Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Anorexia nervosa Feeding and Eating Disorders 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Thinness Internal medicine medicine Humans Infertility Male business.industry Standard treatment Reproduction Female infertility medicine.disease Eating disorders Malnutrition 030104 developmental biology Sexual dysfunction Female medicine.symptom Underweight business Infertility Female |
| Zdroj: | Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 107 |
| ISSN: | 1532-8600 |
| Popis: | Chronic energy deficiency can impair the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and lead to hypothalamic anovulation in underweight women. This review presents the syndromes related to underweight status that are associated with infertility, summarizes the underlying mechanisms, and reviews the available treatment options. Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (AN), constitute the most common cause of infertility in underweight women, who, in addition, experience miscarriages, and sexual dysfunction. The relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S; former terminology: athlete's triad) involves menstrual dysfunction due to low energy availability, which results in anovulation. Moreover, lipodystrophies, malnutrition, starvation, systematic illnesses (malignancies, endocrinopathies, infectious diseases, advanced chronic diseases, neurologic illnesses), and the utilization of drugs can cause excessive weight loss. They may result in fertility problems due to the loss of adipose tissue and the subsequent hormonal disturbances. Each of these conditions requires multidisciplinary management. Nutritional counseling should target the restoration of energy balance by increasing intake and reducing output. Medical treatment, recommended only for patients who did not respond to standard treatment, may include antipsychotics, antidepressants, or leptin administration. Finally, psychiatric treatment is considered an integral part of the standard treatment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect