Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study
| Autor: | Pål-Ørjan Johansen, Teri Suzanne Krebs |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Epidemiology lcsh:Medicine Psilocybin Risk Factors Odds Ratio Major depressive episode lcsh:Science Psychiatry Mescaline Multidisciplinary Data Collection Mental Disorders Substance Abuse Middle Aged Recreational drug use Anxiety Disorders Mental Health Medicine Female medicine.symptom Anxiety disorder medicine.drug Research Article Adult medicine.medical_specialty Drugs and Devices Adolescent Clinical Research Design Adverse Reactions medicine Humans Retrospective Studies business.industry Mood Disorders Panic disorder Pharmacoepidemiology lcsh:R Psychoses medicine.disease Mental health United States Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Cross-Sectional Studies Schizophrenia Hallucinogens lcsh:Q business Agoraphobia |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e63972 (2013) PLOS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Background The classical serotonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocybin, mescaline are not known to cause brain damage and are regarded as non-addictive. Clinical studies do not suggest that psychedelics cause long-term mental health problems. Psychedelics have been used in the Americas for thousands of years. Over 30 million people currently living in the US have used LSD, psilocybin, or mescaline. Objective To evaluate the association between the lifetime use of psychedelics and current mental health in the adult population. Method Data drawn from years 2001 to 2004 of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health consisted of 130,152 respondents, randomly selected to be representative of the adult population in the United States. Standardized screening measures for past year mental health included serious psychological distress (K6 scale), mental health treatment (inpatient, outpatient, medication, needed but did not receive), symptoms of eight psychiatric disorders (panic disorder, major depressive episode, mania, social phobia, general anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and non-affective psychosis), and seven specific symptoms of non-affective psychosis. We calculated weighted odds ratios by multivariate logistic regression controlling for a range of sociodemographic variables, use of illicit drugs, risk taking behavior, and exposure to traumatic events. Results 21,967 respondents (13.4% weighted) reported lifetime psychedelic use. There were no significant associations between lifetime use of any psychedelics, lifetime use of specific psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, peyote), or past year use of LSD and increased rate of any of the mental health outcomes. Rather, in several cases psychedelic use was associated with lower rate of mental health problems. Conclusion We did not find use of psychedelics to be an independent risk factor for mental health problems. (C) 2013 Krebs, Johansen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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