Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
| Autor: | Cynthia Scott-Dupree, Andrew J. Frewin, Graham R Ansell, Angela E. Gradish |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Imidacloprid lcsh:Medicine Megachile rotundata 010501 environmental sciences Biology Toxicology 01 natural sciences complex mixtures General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Dimethoate Pesticides Agricultural Science Permethrin 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Neuroscience lcsh:R fungi General Medicine Honey bee Pesticide biology.organism_classification 010602 entomology chemistry behavior and behavior mechanisms Megachilidae Solitary bees General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Risk assessment Entomology medicine.drug Pesticide risk assessment |
| Zdroj: | PeerJ PeerJ, Vol 9, p e10744 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2167-8359 |
| Popis: | The current pesticide risk assessment paradigm may not adequately protect solitary bees as it focuses primarily on the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is a potential surrogate species for use in pesticide risk assessment for solitary bees in North America. However, the toxicity of potential toxic reference standards to M. rotundata will need to be determined before pesticide risk assessment tests (tier I trials) can be implemented. Therefore, we assessed the acute topical toxicity and generated LD50 values for three insecticides: dimethoate (62.08 ng a.i./bee), permethrin (50.01 ng a.i./bee), and imidacloprid (12.82 ng a.i/bee). The variation in the mass of individual bees had a significant but small effect on these toxicity estimates. Overall, the toxicity of these insecticides to M. rotundata were within the 10-fold safety factor currently used with A. mellifera toxicity estimates from tier I trials to estimate risk to other bee species. Therefore, tier I pesticide risk assessments with solitary bees may not be necessary, and efforts could be directed to developing more realistic, higher-tier pesticide risk assessment trials for solitary bees. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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