The impact of adaptation to climate change and variability on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in central ethiopia
| Autor: | Dula Etana, Tjard de Cock Buning, Cornelia F.A. van Wesenbeeck, D. J. Snelder |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Centre for International Cooperation, Economics, Amsterdam Centre for World Food Studies, Athena Institute, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Natural resource economics 050204 development studies Geography Planning and Development Land management TJ807-830 Management Monitoring Policy and Law Diversification (marketing strategy) TD194-195 01 natural sciences Renewable energy sources Ecosystem services Environmental Sustainability Index 0502 economics and business SDG 13 - Climate Action GE1-350 Irrigation Migration 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Non-farm Food security Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment 05 social sciences Livelihood Environmental sciences Sustainability Diversification Household income Business |
| Zdroj: | Etana, D, Snelder, D J R M, van Wesenbeeck, C F A & Buning, T D C 2021, ' The impact of adaptation to climate change and variability on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in central ethiopia ', Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 12, 6790 . https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126790 Sustainability Volume 13 Issue 12 Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 6790, p 6790 (2021) Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(12):6790. MDPI AG |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| Popis: | Although most micro-level studies show the positive impact of adaptation on food security and household income, these are only a few of the outcomes adaptation is intended to achieve. Farmers’ livelihoods function in complex ways such that an understanding the multidimensional outcome of adaptation is important. These necessitate the use of multiple indicators in the evaluation of the impact of adaptation. Based on data collected from 810 randomly selected households in central Ethiopia, this study investigates the impacts of adaptation strategies on the sustainability of the livelihoods of farmers. The economic, social, and environmental outcomes were integrated to construct the Livelihood Sustainability Index. The endogenous switching regression model, which accounts for unobserved heterogeneity and possible endogeneity, was used to examine the impact of using adaptation strategies. With a mean score of 41, the farmers had lower levels of livelihood sustainability. Farmers switching crop type, diversifying crops, planting improved seeds, engaging in land management activities, and using irrigation had a higher livelihood sustainability index compared to the counterfactual case in which they did not use them. Non-farm employment and migration significantly increased livelihood sustainability for the using households. However, had these factors been used by the non-users, it would have resulted in reduced livelihood sustainability. Farmers using more than four adaptation strategies had more sustainable livelihoods than using fewer strategies. The findings affirm that adaptation contributes to livelihood improvement. However, since the farmers are far from achieving a higher level of sustainable livelihoods, policies shall focus on maximizing the returns to be obtained from using adaptation strategies. This includes improving access to ecosystem services through environmental protection measures, increasing production efficiency through improved access to and proper utilization of farm inputs, expanding irrigation facilities, creating decent employment opportunities, and enhancing farmers’ skills through entrepreneurial training. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|