The JAK-STAT pathway controls Plasmodium vivax load in early stages of Anopheles aquasalis infection
| Autor: | Wanderli Pedro Tadei, Helena R. C. Araújo, Antonio Jorge Tempone, Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino, Yeon Soo Han, Paulo F. P. Pimenta, Yara M. Traub-Cseko, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Claudia María Ríos-Velásquez, Ana C. Bahia, Bruno A. M. Guedes, Marina S. Kubota, Alessandra S Orfanó |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Plasmodium vivax Protein Expression Stat Gene Gene Mosquitoes Parasite Load Oocyst Pias Gene RNA interference Plasmodium Vivax Isolation And Purification Stat Transcription Factors lcsh:Public aspects of medicine JAK-STAT signaling pathway Immunohistochemistry Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT Nos Gene STAT Transcription Factors Protein Inhibitor Of Activated Stat Infectious Diseases Gene Knockdown Techniques Medicine Female Immunocytochemistry Brazil Human Research Article Dna Sequence Gene Sequence lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine lcsh:RC955-962 Immunology Molecular Sequence Data Anopheles Aquasalis Biology Biosynthesis Microbiology stat Vector Biology Molecular Genetics Immune system Stat Protein parasitic diseases Anopheles medicine Parasitic Diseases Animals Controlled Study Gene Silencing Transcription factor Epithelium Cell Rna Interference Protein Inhibitors Of Activated Stat Protozoal Genetics Animal Brasil Gene Expression Profiling fungi Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Immunity Nucleotide Sequence lcsh:RA1-1270 Sequence Analysis Dna Sequence Analysis DNA biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Nonhuman Virology Malaria Organismal Interaction STAT protein Janus Kinase Parasitology Nitric Oxide Synthase |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 11, p e1317 (2011) Repositório Institucional do INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) instacron:INPA |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 |
| Popis: | Malaria affects 300 million people worldwide every year and 450,000 in Brazil. In coastal areas of Brazil, the main malaria vector is Anopheles aquasalis, and Plasmodium vivax is responsible for the majority of malaria cases in the Americas. Insects possess a powerful immune system to combat infections. Three pathways control the insect immune response: Toll, IMD, and JAK-STAT. Here we analyze the immune role of the A. aquasalis JAK-STAT pathway after P. vivax infection. Three genes, the transcription factor Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT), the regulatory Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT (PIAS) and the Nitric Oxide Synthase enzyme (NOS) were characterized. Expression of STAT and PIAS was higher in males than females and in eggs and first instar larvae when compared to larvae and pupae. RNA levels for STAT and PIAS increased 24 and 36 hours (h) after P. vivax challenge. NOS transcription increased 36 h post infection (hpi) while this protein was already detected in some midgut epithelial cells 24 hpi. Imunocytochemistry experiments using specific antibodies showed that in non-infected insects STAT and PIAS were found mostly in the fat body, while in infected mosquitoes the proteins were found in other body tissues. The knockdown of STAT by RNAi increased the number of oocysts in the midgut of A. aquasalis. This is the first clear evidence for the involvement of a specific immune pathway in the interaction of the Brazilian malaria vector A. aquasalis with P. vivax, delineating a potential target for the future development of disease controlling strategies. Author Summary Malaria is endemic in 22 countries in the Americas where the Anopheles aquasalis mosquito is an important malaria vector and the Plasmodium vivax parasite is responsible for most malaria cases. This natural vector-parasite pair is difficult to study due to the lack of cultivating system for P. vivax, and to the lack of genome data for A. aquasalis. Moreover, almost all previous studies are based on African and Asian anopheline species. Understanding the interaction mechanisms between mosquito vectors and plasmodia is important for the development of malaria control strategies. Our results showed that the JAK-STAT immune pathway is activated in A. aquasalis after P. vivax challenge and is important to maintain the low levels of P. vivax load observed in this vector. Our results add to the understanding of the A. aquasalis interaction with P. vivax and lead to possible explanations for this vector competence in P. vivax transmission. All information generated here may be used to direct the development of new or specific strategies to block malaria transmission by A. aquasalis in some parts of the Americas. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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