The Clinical Utility of the Protamine 1/Protamine 2 Ratio in Sperm
| Autor: | Lihua Liu, Jeanine Griffin, Douglas T. Carrell, Laszlo Nanassy |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Infertility medicine.medical_treatment Population Biology Biochemistry Male infertility Andrology Semen quality Structural Biology medicine Humans Protamines education Infertility Male Genetics education.field_of_study In vitro fertilisation General Medicine Middle Aged medicine.disease Spermatozoa Sperm Protamine Chromatin biology.protein Spermatogenesis |
| Zdroj: | Protein & Peptide Letters. 18:772-777 |
| ISSN: | 0929-8665 |
| DOI: | 10.2174/092986611795713934 |
| Popis: | During spermiogenesis, human sperm undergo a dramatic reorganization of the chromatin in which canonical histones are replaced by two types of protamines, protamine 1 (P1) and protamine (P2). P1 and P2 are expressed approximately at a 1:1 ratio in healthy men. Alteration of this ratio is associated with male infertility. Patients with an abnormal P1/P2 ratio generally exhibit diminished semen quality, lower fertilization ability, and lower pregnancy rates when undergoing in vitro fertilization. Many studies have reported an elevated incidence of abnormal P1/P2 ratios in infertile men compared to fertile controls, and have evaluated the relationship between infertility and abnormal protamination; however, no prospective study has investigated the normal range of the P1/P2 ratio in men from the general population. Here, we report a P1/P2 reference range of 0.54 to 1.43 in a fertile, normozoospermic population. This rather wide normal range of P1/P2 led us to the conclusion that abnormal protamination is more likely indicative of other perturbations during spermatogenesis than the underlying mechanism to cause infertility. Alternatively, protamine expression may act as a checkpoint mechanism and thus be indirectly related to semen quality. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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