Tail reduction process during human embryonic development
Autor: | Haruyuki Makishima, Tetsuya Takakuwa, Shigehito Yamada, Sayaka Tojima |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Tail Embryology Histology medicine.medical_treatment Morphogenesis Embryonic Development ヒトの尾 03 medical and health sciences somite Imaging Three-Dimensional Carnegie stages evolution medicine Human embryogenesis Animals Humans Molecular Biology Process (anatomy) Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Reduction (orthopedic surgery) biology Embryogenesis Embryo Cell Biology Original Articles biology.organism_classification 3次元再構築 Somite 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction Somites Evolutionary biology しっぽ amniotes Amniote 進化 Anatomy Developmental Biology |
Zdroj: | J Anat |
ISSN: | 1469-7580 |
Popis: | Although the human tail is completely absent at birth, the embryonic tail is formed just as in other tailed amniotes. Since all morphological variations are created from variations in developmental processes, elucidation of the tail reduction process during embryonic development may be necessary to clarify the human evolutionary process. The tail has also been of great interest to the medical community. The congenital anomaly referred to as 'human tail', i.e. the occurrence of a tail-like structure, has been reported and was thought to represent a vestige of the embryonic tail; however, this hypothesis has not been verified. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to establish a new method to visualize all somites in an embryo. We used sagittal-sectioned embryos from Carnegie Stage (CS) 13 to CS23. All samples were obtained from the Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan. Combining photomicroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction, we clearly visualized and labeled all somites. We found that the number of somites peaked at CS16 and dramatically decreased by approximately five somites. Tail reduction with a decrease in somites has also been observed in other short-tailed amniotes; thus, this result suggested the possibility that there is a common mechanism for morphogenesis of short tails in amniote species. Additionally, our findings provided important insights into the cause of the congenital anomaly known as 'human tail'. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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