Enantioselective Analysis of Citalopram and Escitalopram in Postmortem Blood Together with Genotyping for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19
| Autor: | Anita Holmgren, Finn Bengtsson, Björn Carlsson, Johan Ahlner |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male CYP2D6 Chromatography Gas Genotype Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis CYP2C19 Citalopram Pharmacology Toxicology Polymerase Chain Reaction behavioral disciplines and activities Analytical Chemistry Forensic Toxicology Young Adult Cause of Death mental disorders medicine Humans Environmental Chemistry Escitalopram Forensic Pathology Chromatography High Pressure Liquid Aged Aged 80 and over Chemical Health and Safety Chemistry Forensic toxicology Stereoisomerism DNA Middle Aged Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Antidepressant Female Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases Enantiomer Reuptake inhibitor medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 33:65-76 |
| ISSN: | 1945-2403 0146-4760 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/jat/33.2.65 |
| Popis: | Citalopram is marketed as a racemate (50:50) mixture of the S(+)-enantiomer and R(-)-enantiomer and the active S(+)-enantiomer (escitalopram) that possess inhibitory effects. Citalopram was introduced in Sweden in 1992 and is the most frequently used antidepressant to date in Sweden. In 2002, escitalopram was introduced onto the Swedish market for treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. The main objective of this study was to investigate S(+)-citalopram [i.e., the racemic drug (citalopram) or the enantiomer (escitalopram)] present in forensic autopsy cases positive for the presence of citalopram in routine screening using a non-enantioselective bioanalytical method. Fifty out of the 270 samples found positive by gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detection were further analyzed using enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography. The 50 cases were genotyped for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, as these isoenzymes are implicated in the metabolism of citalopram and escitalopram. In samples positive for racemic citalopram using the screening method for forensic autopsy cases, up to 20% would have been misinterpreted in the absence of an enantioselective method. An enantioselective method is thus necessary for correct interpretation of autopsy cases, after the enantiomer has been introduced onto the market. The percentage of poor metabolizers was 6% for CYP2D6 and 8% for CYP2C19. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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