Perinatal supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids corrects the aberrant social and cognitive traits observed in a genetic model of autism based on FMR1 deletion in rats

Autor: Valentina Pallottini, Viviana Trezza, Sara Schiavi, Francesca Melancia, Emilia Carbone, Patrizia Campolongo, Antonia Manduca, Valeria Buzzelli
Přispěvatelé: Schiavi, S., Carbone, E., Melancia, F., Buzzelli, V., Manduca, A., Campolongo, P., Pallottini, V., Trezza, V.
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Male
0301 basic medicine
congenital
hereditary
and neonatal diseases and abnormalities
genetic structures
Autism Spectrum Disorder
autism
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Bioinformatics
behavioral disciplines and activities
Rats
Sprague-Dawley
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein
03 medical and health sciences
Cognition
0302 clinical medicine
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Pregnancy
Fatty Acids
Omega-3
mental disorders
Genetic model
behavior
dietary supplementation
fragile X syndrome
Omega-3 PUFAs
rats
Animals
Humans
Medicine
Dietary supplementation
Autistic Disorder
030109 nutrition & dietetics
Nutrition and Dietetics
Omega-3 PUFA
Models
Genetic
business.industry
General Neuroscience
General Medicine
medicine.disease
FMR1
Rats
Fragile X syndrome
Autism spectrum disorder
Fragile X Syndrome
Dietary Supplements
Autism
Female
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Zdroj: Nutritional Neuroscience. 25:898-911
ISSN: 1476-8305
1028-415X
DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1819107
Popis: Background and objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder for which no treatments exist. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and the most frequent monogenic cause of ASD. Given the lack of pharmacological treatments for ASD, increasing interest is devoted to non-pharmacological approaches, including dietary interventions. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical for neurobehavioraldevelopment. This study had two aims: 1. To validatethe recently developed Fmr1-Δexon 8 rat model of FXS; 2. To assess the impact of omega-3 PUFAs dietary supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the altered behavior displayed by Fmr1-Δexon 8 rats. Methods: Female Fmr1-Δexon 8 and wild-type Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with either an omega-3 PUFAs enriched diet or with an isocaloric control diet during pregnancy and lactation. Behavioral experiments were carried out on the infant (Postnatal days (PNDs) 9 and 13), juvenile (PND 35) and adult (PND 90) male offspring. Results:Fmr1-Δexon 8 pups showed hypolocomotion, reduced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emission and impaired social discrimination compared to wild-type controls. Juvenile and adult Fmr1-Δexon 8 rats showed deficits in the social and cognitive domains, that were counteracted by perinatal omega-3 PUFAs supplementation. Conclusion: Our results support the validity of the Fmr1-Δexon 8 rat model to mimic key autistic-like features and support an important role of omega-3 PUFAs during of neurodevelopment. Although the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation in ASD needs to be clarified, this dietary intervention holds promise to mitigate core and comorbid autistic features.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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