Anti-inflammatory effect of geranium nanoemulsion macrophages induced with soluble protein of Candida albicans
| Autor: | Janice Luehring Giongo, Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes, Roberto Christ Vianna Santos, Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher, Virginia Cielo Rech, Marta M.M.F. Duarte, Rafael Noal Moresco, Etiane Tatsch, Michele Rorato Sagrillo, Martin Steppe, Patrícia Gomes, Ivana Beatriz da Cruz, Cristiane Luchese |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Antigens Fungal Cell Survival Acyclic Monoterpenes Anti-Inflammatory Agents Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Caspase 3 Pelargonium Nitric Oxide Microbiology Nitric oxide Mice 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Candida albicans Oils Volatile Animals MTT assay biology Terpenes Macrophages Interleukin biology.organism_classification Molecular biology Nitric oxide synthase RAW 264.7 Cells 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Biochemistry chemistry Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases Apoptosis 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Monoterpenes biology.protein Cytokines Emulsions Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| Zdroj: | Microbial Pathogenesis. 110:694-702 |
| ISSN: | 0882-4010 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.056 |
| Popis: | Pelargonium graveolens is a member of the Geraniaceae family and has been used in folk medicine in many countries because of its anti-inflammatory activity. No studies have yet been reported to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a nanoemulsion containing geranium oil (GO) model in macrophages. In this study the anti-inflammatory effect of Geranium nanoemulsion (NEG) macrophages induced with soluble proteins of Candida albicans was investigated. GO presented citronellol (17.74%) and geraniol (14.43%) as main constituents. The characterization in NEG was demonstrated, showing the particle size of 164 ± 3.5 nm, PDI of 0.12 ± 0.006 and zeta potential −10 mV ± 1.7. The MIC obtained for NEG and GO were 3.64 μg ml −1 and 1.82 μg ml −1 , respectively. The viability of the macrophages treated with NEG and GO concentrations (1/2 x, 1x and 2x MIC) was evaluated. There was a significant reduction of viability and the MTT assay was not confirmed after the LDH assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by determining nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (interleukin IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and the expression levels gene of interleukin (IL-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The apoptosis inhibition capacity was assessed by determination of INFγ, caspase 3 and caspase 8. The results indicated that there was a significant increase of NO in the levels after treatment with NEG and significantly reduced levels after treatment with GO. The cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF) were evaluated and NEG (½ x, 1x MIC) decreased IL-1 levels by 1.25–1.37 times, respectively. The NEG did not decrease IL-6 levels and a significant increase was observed for IL-10. GO significantly decreased IL-6 and IL-10 levels. There was a significant decrease in IL-2 and COX-2 levels and increased levels of iNOs. The levels of IFNγ and caspase-3 after treatment with NEG decreased indicating an anti-inflammatory effect and can inhibit apoptosis. Finally, the levels of caspase-8 do not change. Thus, pretreatment with NEG induced an anti-inflammatory effect against soluble proteins of C. albicans model macrophages. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect