Discovery of growth hormone-releasing hormones and receptors in nonmammalian vertebrates
| Autor: | Hubert Vaudry, Marie C.M. Lin, Billy K. C. Chow, Leo T. O. Lee, Ivy T. Y. Lau, Anderson O. L. Wong, Janice K. V. Tam, Francis K.Y. Siu |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Receptors
Neuropeptide endocrine system medicine.medical_specialty African clawed frog Molecular Sequence Data Biology Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Evolution Molecular Receptors Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone Anterior pituitary Goldfish biology.animal Internal medicine Cyclic AMP medicine Animals Tissue Distribution Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide Receptor Tetraodon Gene Zebrafish Phylogeny Multidisciplinary Fugu Vertebrate Biological Sciences biology.organism_classification Cell biology Endocrinology medicine.anatomical_structure Genome duplication Vertebrates Molecular evolution sense organs Anura hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104:2133-2138 |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0611008104 |
| Popis: | In mammals, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is the most important neuroendocrine factor that stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary. In nonmammalian vertebrates, however, the previously named GHRH-like peptides were unable to demonstrate robust GH-releasing activities. In this article, we provide evidence that these GHRH-like peptides are homologues of mammalian PACAP-related peptides (PRP). Instead, GHRH peptides encoded in cDNAs isolated from goldfish, zebrafish, and African clawed frog were identified. Moreover, receptors specific for these GHRHs were characterized from goldfish and zebrafish. These GHRHs and GHRH receptors (GHRH-Rs) are phylogenetically and structurally more similar to their mammalian counterparts than the previously named GHRH-like peptides and GHRH-like receptors. Information regarding their chromosomal locations and organization of neighboring genes confirmed that they share the same origins as the mammalian genes. Functionally, the goldfish GHRH dose-dependently activates cAMP production in receptor-transfected CHO cells as well as GH release from goldfish pituitary cells. Tissue distribution studies showed that the goldfish GHRH is expressed almost exclusively in the brain, whereas the goldfish GHRH-R is actively expressed in brain and pituitary. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a previously uncharacterized GHRH-GHRH-R axis in nonmammalian vertebrates. Based on these data, a comprehensive evolutionary scheme for GHRH, PRP-PACAP, and PHI-VIP genes in relation to three rounds of genome duplication early on in vertebrate evolution is proposed. These GHRHs, also found in flounder, Fugu, medaka, stickleback, Tetraodon, and rainbow trout, provide research directions regarding the neuroendocrine control of growth in vertebrates. © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA. postprint |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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