Braincase simplification and the origin of lissamphibians
| Autor: | Robert R. Reisz, Hillary C. Maddin, Jade B. Atkins |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Caudata Physiology Lineage (evolution) Ossification 01 natural sciences Mathematical and Statistical Techniques Osteogenesis Medicine and Health Sciences Phylogeny Data Management Lissamphibia Multidisciplinary biology Phylogenetic tree Fossils Cranial Nerves Eukaryota Phylogenetic Analysis Prehistoric Animals Biological Evolution Phylogenetics Connective Tissue Vertebrates Medicine Bone Remodeling Anatomy Amphibamidae Research Article Computer and Information Sciences 010506 paleontology Science Vertebrate Paleontology Bayesian Method Research and Analysis Methods 010603 evolutionary biology Amphibians Temnospondyli Animals Evolutionary Systematics Salamanders Paleozoology Taxonomy 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Evolutionary Biology Dissorophoidea Skull Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Paleontology biology.organism_classification Biological Tissue Cartilage Branchiosauridae Evolutionary biology Earth Sciences Paleobiology Physiological Processes |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 3, p e0213694 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Dissorophoidea, a group of temnospondyl tetrapods that first appear in the Late Carboniferous, is made up of two clades ⎼ Olsoniformes and Amphibamiformes (Branchiosauridae and Amphibamidae) ⎼ the latter of which is widely thought to have given rise to living amphibians (i.e., Lissamphibia). The lissamphibian braincase has a highly derived morphology with several secondarily lost elements; however, these losses have never been incorporated into phylogenetic analyses and thus the timing and nature of these evolutionary events remain unknown. Hindering research into this problem has been the lack of phylogenetic analyses of Dissorophoidea that includes both taxonomically dense sampling and specific characters to document changes in the braincase in the lineage leading to Lissamphibia. Here we build on a recent, broadly sampled dissorophoid phylogenetic analysis to visualize key events in the evolution of the lissamphibian braincase. Our ancestral character state reconstructions show a clear, step-wise trend towards reduction of braincase ossification leading to lissamphibians, including reduction of the sphenethmoid, loss of the basioccipital at the Amphibamiformes node, and further loss of both the basisphenoid and the hypoglossal nerve foramina at the Lissamphibia node. Our analysis confirms that the highly derived condition of the lissamphibian braincase is characterized by overall simplification in terms of the number and extent of chondrocranial ossifications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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