Active surveillance and risk factors for leptospirosis in Hawaii
| Autor: | Lorrin W. Pang, Charles R. Middleton, Sally Jo Manea, Chester K. Wakida, Wallace J. Fujimoto, Robert Kunioka, Henri P. Minette, David M. Sasaki |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1993 |
| Předmět: |
myalgia
Adult Male medicine.medical_specialty Rain Hawaii Serology Interviews as Topic Sex Factors Double-Blind Method Risk Factors Water Supply Virology Internal medicine medicine Humans Leptospirosis Risk factor Aged Retrospective Studies business.industry Incidence (epidemiology) Incidence Case-control study Retrospective cohort study Middle Aged medicine.disease Surgery Infectious Diseases Case-Control Studies Vomiting Parasitology Female medicine.symptom business Follow-Up Studies |
| Zdroj: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 48(1) |
| ISSN: | 0002-9637 |
| Popis: | A clinic-hospital-based leptospirosis surveillance program was conducted to determine the morbidity and risk factors in nonepidemic settings. The study was conducted on two islands, Kauai and Hawaii (Big Island), in the state of Hawaii for one year during 1988 and 1989. An active, more comprehensive case detection system was used on the Big Island that enabled us to determine the incidence of clinical disease. Subjects from both islands were used to conduct a case-control study for risk factors. One hundred seventy-two subjects from the Big Island (who presented with any two of the following symptoms: fever, headache, myalgia, or nausea/vomiting) were enrolled in the study. Twenty cases were diagnosed by culture, serology, or fluorescent antibody tissue staining at autopsy. Six cases required hospitalization and two succumbed to fatal infections. We estimated that these cases represented an annual incidence rate of 128 per 100,000 person-years in our target population. For 33 cases, 77 controls were matched for island, age, sex, and time of onset of illness. Interviews were conducted retrospectively in a double-blinded fashion with cases and controls and evaluated approximately 30 risk factors. Factors that were associated most strongly with development of leptospirosis were household use of rainwater catchment systems (P = 0.003), presence of skin cuts during the incubation period (P = 0.008), contact with cattle or the urine of cattle (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively), and handling of animal tissues (P = 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|