Bioaccumulation and glutathione S-transferase activity on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles after short-term exposure to antiretrovirals

Autor: Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich, Romina Brasca, Andres Maximiliano Attademo, Lesly Paradina Fernández, María J. Culzoni, Paola Peltzer
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Environmental Engineering
Nevirapine
Antioxidant
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
medicine.medical_treatment
0208 environmental biotechnology
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Pharmacology
medicine.disease_cause
Ecotoxicology
01 natural sciences
Antioxidants
chemistry.chemical_compound
medicine
Environmental Chemistry
Animals
Ecosystem
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Glutathione Transferase
biology
Stavudine
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Lamivudine
General Medicine
General Chemistry
Glutathione
biology.organism_classification
Pollution
Bioaccumulation
020801 environmental engineering
Oxidative Stress
chemistry
Rhinella arenarum
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Larva
Bufo arenarum
Oxidative stress
Biomarkers
Water Pollutants
Chemical
medicine.drug
Zdroj: Chemosphere. 246
ISSN: 1879-1298
Popis: The aim of the present study was to investigate the bioaccumulation and toxicological effects of four antiretrovirals (lamivudine, stavudine, zidovudine and nevirapine) on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles, after short-term (48 h) exposure to these drugs at sublethal concentrations. The analytical procedure involved a simple extraction method followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and chemometric analysis for data processing. Under the conditions studied, the analytes investigated, particularly nevirapine, showed possible bioaccumulation in tadpoles. Besides, an increase in the bioaccumulation was observed when increasing the exposure concentration. In addition, the enzymatic biomarkers measured to evaluate the toxicological effects showed that acethylcholinesterase activity was similar to that of the control group, while glutathione S-transferase activity was increased, indicating potential oxidative stress damage. Our results also allowed demonstrating the usefulness of chemometric algorithms to quantitate analytes in complex matrices, such as those absorbed by tadpoles in aquatic ecosystems. The results also evidenced the short-term antiretroviral bioaccumulation in tadpoles and the alteration of antioxidant systems, highlighting the need of environmental studies to elucidate the ecotoxicological risk of antiretrovirals in humans and wildlife.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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