Identification and Distribution of Novel Cressdnaviruses and Circular molecules in Four Penguin Species in South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula
| Autor: | Crystal Suazo, Kara Schmidlin, Anni Djurhuus, Hila Levy, Arvind Varsani, Caitlin Black, Tom Hart, Simona Kraberger, Adrian Smith, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Ciara Harding |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pygoscelis antarcticus Georgia 030106 microbiology Cressdnaviricota lcsh:QR1-502 Antarctic Regions Pygoscelis papua Genome Viral Article lcsh:Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences symbols.namesake Virology biology.animal Animals Human virome viruses Phylogeny Islands Sanger sequencing Pygoscelis adeliae biology Phylum High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Vertebrate Biota biology.organism_classification Spheniscidae penguins 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Evolutionary biology Sympatric speciation circular molecules symbols Antarctica Capsid Proteins human activities |
| Zdroj: | Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 1029, p 1029 (2020) Viruses Volume 12 Issue 9 |
| ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
| Popis: | There is growing interest in uncovering the viral diversity present in wild animal species. The remote Antarctic region is home to a wealth of uncovered microbial diversity, some of which is associated with its megafauna, including penguin species, the dominant avian biota. Penguins interface with a number of other biota in their roles as marine mesopredators and several species overlap in their ranges and habitats. To characterize the circular single-stranded viruses related to those in the phylum Cressdnaviricota from these environmental sentinel species, cloacal swabs (n = 95) were obtained from King Penguins in South Georgia, and congeneric Adé lie Penguins, Chinstrap Penguins, and Gentoo Penguins across the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. Using a combination of high-throughput sequencing, abutting primers-based PCR recovery of circular genomic elements, cloning, and Sanger sequencing, we detected 97 novel sequences comprising 40 ssDNA viral genomes and 57 viral-like circular molecules from 45 individual penguins. We present their detection patterns, with Chinstrap Penguins harboring the highest number of new sequences. The novel Antarctic viruses identified appear to be host-specific, while one circular molecule was shared between sympatric Chinstrap and Gentoo Penguins. We also report viral genotype sharing between three adult-chick pairs, one in each Pygoscelid species. Sequence similarity network approaches coupled with Maximum likelihood phylogenies of the clusters indicate the 40 novel viral genomes do not fall within any known viral families and likely fall within the recently established phylum Cressdnaviricota based on their replication-associated protein sequences. Similarly, 83 capsid protein sequences encoded by the viruses or viral-like circular molecules identified in this study do not cluster with any of those encoded by classified viral groups. Further research is warranted to expand knowledge of the Antarctic virome and would help elucidate the importance of viral-like molecules in vertebrate host evolution. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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