Using Neural Circuit Interrogation in Rodents to Unravel Human Speech Decoding
| Autor: | Demetrios Neophytou, Hysell V. Oviedo |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Computer science Cognitive Neuroscience media_common.quotation_subject Mini Review Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Rodentia Lateralization of brain function lcsh:RC321-571 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine cortical circuit Species Specificity Biological neural network Animals Humans Speech Interrogation Function (engineering) lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry media_common Auditory Cortex Social communication animal models-rodent Neurophysiology Sensory Systems Review article auditory cortex (AC) 030104 developmental biology Acoustic Stimulation temporal processing and spectral processing Auditory Perception Speech Perception Nerve Net speech-brain Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Decoding methods |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Vol 14 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1662-5110 |
| Popis: | The neural circuits responsible for social communication are among the least understood in the brain. Human studies have made great progress in advancing our understanding of the global computations required for processing speech, and animal models offer the opportunity to discover evolutionarily conserved mechanisms for decoding these signals. In this review article, we describe some of the most well-established speech decoding computations from human studies and describe animal research designed to reveal potential circuit mechanisms underlying these processes. Human and animal brains must perform the challenging tasks of rapidly recognizing, categorizing, and assigning communicative importance to sounds in a noisy environment. The instructions to these functions are found in the precise connections neurons make with one another. Therefore, identifying circuit-motifs in the auditory cortices and linking them to communicative functions is pivotal. We review recent advances in human recordings that have revealed the most basic unit of speech decoded by neurons is a phoneme, and consider circuit-mapping studies in rodents that have shown potential connectivity schemes to achieve this. Finally, we discuss other potentially important processing features in humans like lateralization, sensitivity to fine temporal features, and hierarchical processing. The goal is for animal studies to investigate neurophysiological and anatomical pathways responsible for establishing behavioral phenotypes that are shared between humans and animals. This can be accomplished by establishing cell types, connectivity patterns, genetic pathways and critical periods that are relevant in the development and function of social communication. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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