On the etiology of tropical spastic paraparesis and human T-cell lymphotropic virus I-—Associated myelopathy
| Autor: | Vladimir Zaninovic |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
viruses HTLV-l Neuropathology Antibodies Viral environmental HTLV-11 Virus Myelopathy myelopathy immune system diseases hemic and lymphatic diseases Tropical spastic paraparesis cofactors medicine Animals Humans Blood Transfusion Spasticity Paresis Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 tropical spastic paraparesis Plants Medicinal business.industry Brain food and beverages virus diseases Fabaceae Environmental Exposure General Medicine medicine.disease Virology Paraparesis Tropical Spastic Rats Retroviridae Infectious Diseases Spinal Cord Immunology HIV-1 Etiology Htlv i associated myelopathy HTLV-I-associated myelopathy medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 3:168-177 |
| ISSN: | 1201-9712 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s1201-9712(99)90041-3 |
| Popis: | The purpose of this review is to present some concepts on the etiology of tropical spastic paraparesis or human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). The large number of syndromes that have been associated with HTLV-I (60 to date), the existence of TSP/HAM cases associated with other retroviruses (human immunodeficiency virus-2 [HIV-2], HTLV-II), the existence of many TSPs without HTLV-I, and the evidence of clear epidemiologic contradictions in TSP/HAM indicate that the etiopathogenesis of TSP/HAM is not yet clear. Tropical spastic paraparesis/HAM affects patients of all human ethnic groups, but usually in well localized and relatively isolated geographic regions where HTLV-I has been endemic for a long time. Environmental factors and geographic locations appear to be critical factors. Because the neuropathology of TSP/HAM suggests a toxometabolic, rather than a viral cause, it is proposed that an intoxication similar to neurolathyrism could account for some of TSP/HAM cases, mainly in tropical and subtropical countries. If this were the case, HTLV-I could be a cofactor or act as a bystander. it is possible that co-infection with another agent is necessary to produce TSP/HAM and most of the syndromes associated with HTLV-I. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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