Effect of Genetics, Environment, and Phenotype on the Metabolome of Maize Hybrids Using GC/MS and LC/MS
| Autor: | Cathy Zhong, Brian Baumhover, Weijuan Tang, Teresa Harp, Chris Vlahakis, Vincent M. Asiago, Jan Hazebroek |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Genotype Drought tolerance Forage General Chemistry Biology Environment Phenotype Zea mays Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology Metabolomics Botany Metabolome Hybridization Genetic Food science Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Hybrid Chromatography Liquid |
| Zdroj: | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 65(25) |
| ISSN: | 1520-5118 |
| Popis: | We evaluated the variability of metabolites in various maize hybrids due to the effect of environment, genotype, phenotype as well as the interaction of the first two factors. We analyzed 480 forage and the same number of grain samples from 21 genetically diverse non-GM Pioneer brand maize hybrids, including some with drought tolerance and viral resistance phenotypes, grown at eight North American locations. As complementary platforms, both GC/MS and LC/MS were utilized to detect a wide diversity of metabolites. GC/MS revealed 166 and 137 metabolites in forage and grain samples, respectively, while LC/MS captured 1341 and 635 metabolites in forage and grain samples, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to investigate the response of the maize metabolome to the environment, genotype, phenotype, and their interaction. Based on combined percentages from GC/MS and LC/MS datasets, the environment affected 36% to 84% of forage metabolites, while less than 7% were affected by genotype. The environment affected 12% to 90% of grain metabolites, whereas less than 27% were affected by genotype. Less than 10% and 11% of the metabolites were affected by phenotype in forage and grain, respectively. Unsupervised PCA and HCA analyses revealed similar trends, i.e., environmental effect was much stronger than genotype or phenotype effects. On the basis of comparisons of disease tolerant and disease susceptible hybrids, neither forage nor grain samples originating from different locations showed obvious phenotype effects. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of GC/MS and LC/MS based metabolite profiling followed by broad statistical analysis is an effective approach to identify the relative impact of environmental, genetic and phenotypic effects on the forage and grain composition of maize hybrids. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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