Identification and evaluation of volatile organic compounds evolved during solarization with almond hull and shell amendments

Autor: Jesús D. Fernández-Bayo, Christopher W. Simmons, Emily A. Shea, A. M. Pastrana
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 71:400-412
ISSN: 2162-2906
1096-2247
DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1846637
Popis: Biosolarization is a fumigation alternative that combines solarization with organic amendments to suppress pests and pathogens in agricultural soils. The generation of volatile biopesticides in the soil, stemming from biodegradation of carbon-rich amendments, contributes to pest inactivation. The purpose of this study was to (1) profile volatiles that may contribute to pest control under field conditions and (2) measure volatile compounds that may present nuisance or exposure risks for humans near biosolarized fields where larger-scale anaerobic degradation of residues occurs. Biosolarization was performed using prominent agricultural waste products, hulls and shells from several almond varieties as soil amendments. After 8 days of biosolarization, soil samples were analyzed using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Volatile fatty acids and ketones made up 85% of biosolarized soil headspace, but terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and sulfides were detected as well. Different almond variety residues produced distinct volatile profiles, and nonpareil-amended soils had a much richer and more diverse profile, as well as a fivefold greater VOC abundance, than pollinator-amended soil. Identified volatiles with low US recommended exposure limits were quantified via internal and external standards, including acetic acid, 2-butanone, butanal, hexanal, and phenylethyl alcohol. Across biosolarization treatments, headspace concentrations of selected compounds did not exceed 1 mg/m
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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