Harmony of T cell profile in brain, nasal, spleen, and cervical lymph nodes tissues in Alzheimer's: A systemic disease with local manifestations
| Autor: | Nafiseh Pakravan, Erfan Basirat, Ardeshir Abbasi, Danial Dehghan, Sanaz Heydari Havadaragh |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Systemic disease Pathology medicine.medical_specialty T cell Immunology Spleen Rats Sprague-Dawley 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Th2 Cells Alzheimer Disease Morris Water Maze Test medicine Immunology and Allergy Animals Interleukin 4 Neuroinflammation Pharmacology Amyloid beta-Peptides Behavior Animal business.industry Brain T-Lymphocytes Helper-Inducer Th1 Cells medicine.disease Peptide Fragments Disease Models Animal Nasal Mucosa 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Phenotype Cervical lymph nodes 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cytokines Th17 Cells Interleukin 17 Lymph Nodes business |
| Zdroj: | International immunopharmacology. 91 |
| ISSN: | 1878-1705 |
| Popis: | The brain has special importance and is known as immune privileged site to and from which trafficking of immune cells is tightly regulated. However, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) the balance of the immune system is disturbed and damages the brain. Given the anatomical and immunological barriers in the brain, we attempted to evaluate if the neuroinflammation occurred in AD is limited to the brain or is expanded to the periphery. Hence, rat model of AD was induced by intra-hippocampal injection of beta-amyloid1-42. Then, nasal, brain, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen were isolated. Then, profile of T-helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17, represented by IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, respectively, was determined. The results were compared between the organs and with the corresponding tissue in normal animals. IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in the brain, nasal tissue, and cervical lymph nodes of AD model were higher than IL-4, comparing with normal animals. Similar profile was observed in the spleen. The results suggest Alzheimer's as a systemic disease whose complication are observed locally. The possibility of epitope spreading and autoimmune nature of AD is raised again. Interestingly, although AD model was induced by injection of beta-amyloid in the brain, the cellular responses in the brain and nasal tissue were similar indicating that the nasal-brain axis is two-sided. In addition, both of IFN-γ/IL-17 and IL-4/IL-17 ratios, just in nasal tissue were markedly decreased in AD model comparing with normal animals. This suggests development of future nasal-based diagnostic approaches. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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