Olive growing in Herzegovina
| Autor: | Ante Biško, Marija Prlić, Miro Barbarić, Marijo Leko |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Pomologia Croatica : Glasilo Hrvatskog agronomskog društva Volume 22 Issue 3-4 |
| ISSN: | 1330-6626 1848-9028 |
| Popis: | The cultivation of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) has been expanding in Herzegovina significantly in the last fifteen years. In the past olives were principally grown in the hinterland of Neum, while in recent years the olive groves have been spreading throughout other parts of Herzegovina, in particular in the vicinity of the town of Ljubuški. Most common are the small family plantations. However, in some cases, there are plantations of several to 50 hectares. In the past fifteen years approximately 300 hectares of olive groves were planted. Unfortunately, in some cases, not enough attention was paid to the selection of sites in terms of appropriate soil- and microecological conditions, and to the selection of pollinators. The most common variety is Oblica, autochthonous Croatian variety, characterized by good tolerance to poor and shallow soil, drought and low temperatures. Oblica is followed by Istarska bjelica, Leccino and Pendolino, which together make up about 90% of varieties. Less commonly grown varieties include Carolea, Levantinka and Buža (approximately 10% of varieties). Several autochthonous Croatian varieties and some introduced varieties are being used as pollinators. Levantinka (that is commonly used as Oblica’s pollinator in Croatia) proved to be sensitive to frost in Herzegovina, so it should be used only to a limited extend in appropriate sites, or it should be omitted. The situation is similar with the variety Pendolino which showed, compared to the Oblica, more sensitive to frost, and the growers have to be cautious if planning to use it as a pollinator. In the future it is necessary to: a) carry out professional monitoring and evaluation of varieties already planted in different agro-ecological conditions of Herzegovina, b) include new potentially valuable varieties in the pre-introduction variety testing, c) pay special attention to the issue of pollinator for Oblica, seeing that it is a valuable variety resistant to low temperatures, whose pollinators Levantinka and Lastovka are, on the contrary, sensitive to frost. U posljednjih petnaestak godina maslina (Olea europea L.) se značajnije širi na području Hercegovine. Ranije se maslina intenzivnije uzgajala u zaleđu grada Neuma dok se posljednjih godina širi u ostalim područjima Hercegovine, posebice području grada Ljubuškog. Najčešće se radi o manjim obiteljskim plantažama. Međutim, u pojedinim slučajevima, podižu se plantaže od nekoliko pa čak do 50 hektara. U posljednjih petnaestak godina podignuto je cca 300 ha nasada masline. Nažalost, u pojedinim slučajevima, nedovoljno pozornosti se posvećuje odabiru lokacije u pogledu pedoloških i mikroekoloških prilika, te odabiru oprašivača. Od sortimenata najzastupljenija je hrvatska autohtona sorta Oblica koja dobro podnosi škrta i plitka tla, sušu i niske temperature, zatim slijede Istarska bjelica, Leccino i Pendolino, koje zajedno s Oblicom čine 90% sortimenta, te sporadično Carolea, Levantinka i Buža (zajedno cca 10%). Od oprašivača koristi se više hrvatskih autohtonih ili introduciranih sorata. Levantinka koja se u Hrvatskoj dosta koristi kao oprašivač za Oblicu, potvrdila se osjetljivom na pozebe pa ju treba koristiti veoma ograničeno na posebno pogodnim položajima ili u potpunosti izostaviti. Slična situacija je i sa sortom Pendolino, koja se pokazala osjetljivijom na pozebe u odnosu na Oblicu, pa je potreban oprez kod planiranja ove sorte kao oprašivača. U budućim aktivnostima potrebno je: a) posvetiti se stručnom praćenju i ocijeni posađenih sorti u različitim agroekološkim uvjetima Hercegovine, b) uključivati u predintrodukcijske pokuse nove potencijalno vrijedne sorte, c) pozornost posvetiti pitanju oprašivača za sortu Oblicu, posebice što se radi o vrijednoj sorti otpornoj na niske temperature, čiji su oprašivači Levantinka i Lastovka osjetljivi na pozebe. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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