The experience of West Nile virus integrated surveillance system in the Emilia-Romagna region: five years of implementation, Italy, 2009 to 2013
| Autor: | A. Mattivi, Michele Dottori, Marco Carrieri, E Bedeschi, Marco Tamba, Caterina Vocale, Paolo Gaibani, C Velati, Roberto Cagarelli, Mattia Calzolari, S. Natalini, Romeo Bellini, M. P. Landini, Paola Angelini, Nadia Pascarelli, Alessandro Albieri, Giada Rossini, A C Finarelli, Paolo Bonilauri |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Bellini, R, Calzolari, M, Mattivi, A, Tamba, M, Angelini, P, Bonilauri, P, Albieri, A, Cagarelli, R, Carrieri, M, Dottori, M, Finarelli, A C, Gaibani, P, Landini, M P, Natalini, S, Pascarelli, N, Rossini, G, Velati, C, Vocale, C, Bedeschi, E |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Epidemiology West Nile virus Early detection medicine.disease_cause Polymerase Chain Reaction Risk Assessment Birds Bird Neuroinvasive disease Virology Environmental health medicine Animals Humans Organ donation Aged Animal Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Middle Aged Geography Culicidae Italy Vector (epidemiology) Population Surveillance Enzootic Female Risk assessment West Nile Fever Human |
| Zdroj: | Scopus-Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 1560-7917 |
| Popis: | Predicting West Nile virus (WNV) circulation and the risk of WNV epidemics is difficult due to complex interactions of multiple factors involved. Surveillance systems that timely detect virus activity in targeted areas, and allow evidence-based risk assessments may therefore be necessary. Since 2009, a system integrating environmental (mosquitoes and birds) and human surveillance has been implemented and progressively improved in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. The objective is to increase knowledge of WNV circulation and to reduce the probability of virus transmission via blood, tissue and organ donation. As of 2013, the system has shown highly satisfactory results in terms of early detection capacity (the environmental surveillance component allowed detection of WNV circulation 3–4 weeks before human cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) occurred), sensitivity (capacity to detect virus circulation even at the enzootic level) and area specificity (capacity to indicate the spatial distribution of the risk for WNND). Strong correlations were observed between the vector index values and the number of human WNND cases registered at the province level. Taking into consideration two scenarios of surveillance, the first with environmental surveillance and the second without, the total costs for the period from 2009 to 2013 were reduced when environmental surveillance was considered (EUR 2.093 million for the first scenario vs EUR 2.560 million for the second). Environmental surveillance helped to reduce costs by enabling a more targeted blood unit testing strategy. The inclusion of environmental surveillance also increased the efficiency of detecting infected blood units and further allowed evidence-based adoption of preventative public health measures. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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