First upper limits on the radar cross section of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers

Autor: John Belz, Eiji Kido, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Fumiya Shibata, Kazuhiro Machida, R. Ishimori, Takahiro Fujii, Helio Takai, M. Abou Bakr Othman, Maxim Pshirkov, J. H. Kim, W. R. Cho, C. Jayanthmurthy, O. Kalashev, R. W. Springer, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Charlie Jui, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Masaaki Tanaka, G. Vasiloff, J. P. Lundquist, Toru Nakamura, Jyunsei Chiba, Kenichi Kadota, Akitoshi Oshima, Dongsu Ryu, Ryuji Takeishi, M. J. Chae, S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, K. Nagasawa, Y. Uchihori, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Fumio Kakimoto, T. Matsuyama, D. Z. Besson, M. Allen, Y. J. Kwon, Michiyuki Chikawa, Priti Shah, T. Suzawa, Hideyuki Ohoka, Isaac Myers, K. Oki, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, M. Ohnishi, Tomohiro Matsuda, S. Prohira, Masato Takita, Suresh Venkatesh, K. Yamazaki, J. Ogura, Mai Takamura, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Ahmad RezazadehReyhani, Toshiyuki Nonaka, T. Goto, S. Udo, R. Azuma, Rasha Abbasi, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Pierre Sokolsky, Yuichiro Tameda, B. G. Cheon, John N. Matthews, L. M. Scott, Zach Zundel, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, Takaaki Ishii, Bokkyun Shin, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, Sergey Troitsky, Hongsu Kim, A. L. Sampson, K. Kawata, D. C. Rodriguez, V. Kuzmin, S. Kawakami, Akimichi Taketa, K. Martens, H. Kawai, S. Yoshida, Hideki Tanaka, M. Takeda, Daisuke Ikeda, M. Byrne, S. B. Thomas, S. R. Stratton, Shigehiro Nagataki, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, J. Lan, Douglas Bergman, Ross Anderson, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Kenta Yashiro, K. Tsutsumi, R. Zollinger, Naoaki Hayashida, M. Abe, S. Kunwar, Igor Tkachev, R. Cady, David Schurig, K. Hibino, H. Yoshii, Y. Tsunesada, Shunsuke Ozawa, Ben Stokes, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Federico R. Urban, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Inkyu Park, K. Kasahara, Masaomi Ono, G. Rubtsov, Takayuki Tomida, W.H. Gillman, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. Yang, J. C. Hanson
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: Astroparticle Physics. 87:1-17
ISSN: 0927-6505
Popis: TARA (Telescope Array Radar) is a cosmic ray radar detection experiment colocated with Telescope Array, the conventional surface scintillation detector (SD) and fluorescence telescope detector (FD) near Delta, Utah, U.S.A. The TARA detector combines a 40 kW, 54.1 MHz VHF transmitter and high-gain transmitting antenna which broadcasts the radar carrier over the SD array and within the FD field of view, towards a 250 MS/s DAQ receiver. TARA has been collecting data since 2013 with the primary goal of observing the radar signatures of extensive air showers (EAS). Simulations indicate that echoes are expected to be short in duration (~10 microseconds) and exhibit rapidly changing frequency, with rates on the order of 1 MHz/microsecond. The EAS radar cross-section (RCS) is currently unknown although it is the subject of over 70 years of speculation. A novel signal search technique is described in which the expected radar echo of a particular air shower is used as a matched filter template and compared to waveforms obtained by triggering the radar DAQ using the Telescope Array fluorescence detector. No evidence for the scattering of radio frequency radiation by EAS is obtained to date. We report the first quantitative RCS upper limits using EAS that triggered the Telescope Array Fluorescence Detector.
Comment: 21 pages, 30 figures
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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