First evidence of spatial clustering of lymphatic filariasis in an Aedes polynesiensis endemic area
| Autor: | James Moloney, Fuatai Maiava, Wayne Melrose, Patrick J. Lammie, Hayley Joseph, Shannon McClintock |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Rural Population medicine.medical_specialty Mosquito Control Adolescent Samoa Veterinary (miscellaneous) Antibodies Helminth Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Elephantiasis Sensitivity and Specificity Serology law.invention Filariasis Young Adult Elephantiasis Filarial Aedes law Environmental health Epidemiology Prevalence medicine Animals Cluster Analysis Humans Wuchereria bancrofti Child Microfilariae Lymphatic filariasis biology Aedes polynesiensis biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Insect Vectors Mosquito control Infectious Diseases Transmission (mechanics) Antigens Helminth Child Preschool Insect Science Immunology Geographic Information Systems Female Parasitology |
| Zdroj: | Acta Tropica. 120:S39-S47 |
| ISSN: | 0001-706X |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.12.004 |
| Popis: | Successful elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) requires accurate identification of residual foci of transmission and stringent surveillance strategies to combat potential resurgence. This is challenging in areas where the day-biting Aedes polynesiensis is endemic, such as Samoa, since in previous studies no geographical clustering of infection has been demonstrated. Another challenge for this low prevalence phase is the choice of diagnostic assay as testing for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) or microfilariae (Mf) alone may not have adequate sensitivity. This could be solved by using the commercially available filariasis Cellabs enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) to measure antibody. In the current study five Samoan villages were chosen based on previous epidemiological assessments to represent a range of infection prevalences. CFA, Mf, and antibody levels in children ≤ 10 years had been recorded and results linked to household of residence and/or primary school of attendance. To ascertain the location of exposure, two scenarios based on potential foci of transmission around communities and schools were explored. Both scenarios revealed significant spatial clusters of households with infected individuals and a relationship to antibody positive children when they were included in the spatial analysis. Fasitoo-Tai had the highest LF prevalence and largest geographical spatial clusters for both scenarios. In Falefa, spatial clusters were detected only for the primary school scenario. In Tafua, which spanned an area of 19.5 km(2), no spatial clusters were detected. Lastly, in Siufaga, the village with the lowest LF prevalence, significant clustering of infected individuals was observed and, for the primary school scenario, this was geographically related to exposure. These promising findings are the first published evidence of spatial clustering of LF in a day-biting Ae. polynesiensis endemic area. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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