Neurological autoimmune diseases following vaccinations against SARS‐CoV‐2: a case series
| Autor: | Carmen Haubner, Martin Bendszus, Leon D. Kaulen, Simon Nagel, Wolfgang Wick, Corinna Seliger, Hanns-Martin Lorenz, Silvia Schönenberger, Brigitte Wildemann, Sofia Doubrovinskaia, Jan C. Purrucker, Berit Jordan, Christoph Mooshage |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty COVID-19 Vaccines Population Myelitis multiple sclerosis Guillain-Barre Syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome myelitis Young Adult COVID‐19 Humans Medicine education BNT162 Vaccine Myositis Aged Aged 80 and over education.field_of_study Guillain-Barre syndrome SARS-CoV-2 business.industry Multiple sclerosis Incidence (epidemiology) Vaccination Limbic encephalitis COVID-19 Peripheral Nervous System Diseases autoimmune Original Articles Middle Aged medicine.disease Giant cell arteritis Neurology Original Article Female Neurology (clinical) business cerebral venous sinus thrombosis myositis 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 |
| Zdroj: | European Journal of Neurology |
| ISSN: | 1468-1331 1351-5101 |
| Popis: | Background and purpose Population‐based studies suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines may trigger immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) raising concerns for other autoimmune responses. The aim was to characterize neurological autoimmunity after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations. Methods In this single‐centre prospective case study patients with neurological autoimmunity in temporal association (≤6 weeks) with SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations and without other triggers are reported. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected with a median follow‐up of 49 days. Results In the study period 232,603 inhabitants from the main catchment area of our hospital (Rhein‐Neckar‐Kreis, county) received SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations. Twenty‐one cases (new onset n = 17, flares n = 4) diagnosed a median of 11 days (range 3–23) following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations (BNT162b2 n = 12, ChAdOx1 n = 8, mRNA‐1273 n = 1) were identified. Cases included VITT with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (n = 3), central nervous system demyelinating diseases (n = 8), inflammatory peripheral neuropathies (n = 4), myositis (n = 3), myasthenia (n = 1), limbic encephalitis (n = 1) and giant cell arteritis (n = 1). Patients were predominantly female (ratio 3.2:1) and the median age at diagnosis was 50 years (range 22–86). Therapy included administration of steroids (n = 15), intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome or VITT (n = 4), plasma exchange in cases unresponsive to steroids (n = 3) and anticoagulation in VITT. Outcomes were favourable with partial and complete remissions achieved in 71% and 24%, respectively. Two patients received their second vaccination without further aggravation of autoimmune symptoms under low‐dose immunosuppressants. Conclusions In this study various neurological autoimmune disorders encountered following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations are characterized. Given the assumed low incidence and mostly favourable outcome of autoimmune responses, the benefits of vaccinations outweigh the comparatively small risks. In this prospective case study, 21 consecutive cases of neurological autoimmunity, which occurred 3–23 days following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations (BNT162b2 n = 12, ChAdOx1 n = 8, mRNA‐1273 n = 1), are reported. Cases included vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (n = 3), central nervous system demyelinating diseases (n = 8), inflammatory peripheral neuropathies (n = 4), myositis (n = 3), myasthenia (n = 1), limbic encephalitis (n = 1) and giant cell arteritis (n = 1). As outcomes were favourable in most patients and the risk of autoimmune complications appears low ( |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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