Chronic Arsenic Exposure Upregulates the Expression of Basal Transcriptional Factors and Increases Invasiveness of the Non-Muscle Invasive Papillary Bladder Cancer Line RT4
| Autor: | Aaron A. Mehus, Nicholas Bergum, Peter Knutson, Swojani Shrestha, Matthew Kalonick, Xudong Zhou, Scott H. Garrett, Donald A. Sens, Mary Ann Sens, Seema Somji |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Carcinoma
Transitional Cell Arsenites Organic Chemistry Mice Nude Water General Medicine Catalysis arsenite heavy metal urothelial carcinoma luminal basal Computer Science Applications Arsenic Inorganic Chemistry Mice Soil Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Carcinogens Biomarkers Tumor Animals Humans Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology Spectroscopy |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 23; Issue 20; Pages: 12313 |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | The bladder is a target organ for inorganic arsenic, a carcinogen and common environmental contaminant found in soil and water. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer (BC) that develops into papillary or non-papillary tumors. Papillary tumors are mostly non-muscle invasive (NMIUC), easier treated, and have a better prognosis. Urothelial carcinoma can be molecularly sub-typed as luminal or basal, with papillary tumors generally falling into the luminal category and basal tumors exclusively forming muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas (MIUC). It is unclear why some UCs develop more aggressive basal phenotypes. We hypothesized that chronic arsenic exposure of a papillary luminal bladder cancer would lead to the development of basal characteristics and increase in invasiveness. We treated the human papillary bladder cancer cell line RT4 with 1 µM arsenite (As3+) for twenty passages. Throughout the study, key luminal and basal gene/protein markers in the exposed cells were evaluated and at passage twenty, the cells were injected into athymic mice to evaluate tumor histology and measure protein markers using immunohistochemistry. Our data indicates that chronic As3+- treatment altered cellular morphology and decreased several luminal markers in cell culture. The histology of the tumors generated from the As3+-exposed cells was similar to the parent (non-treated) however, they appeared to be more invasive in the liver and displayed elevated levels of some basal markers. Our study demonstrates that chronic As3+ exposure is able to convert a non-invasive papillary bladder cancer to an invasive form that acquires some basal characteristics. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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