Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome
| Autor: | Thomas J H Chen, Amanda Lih Chuan Chen, Eric R. Braverman, David E. Comings, Kenneth Blum, Roger L. Waite, Joel F. Lubar, Lonna Williams, Vanessa Arcuri, Bernard W. Downs, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Seth H. Blum, Alison Notaro, Thomas J. Prihoda, Tomás Palomo |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Alcohol abuse Review 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Medicine Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Psychiatry genes Veterans Affairs Biological Psychiatry Human services Service (business) treatment business.industry Medical research medicine.disease Comorbidity humanities 3. Good health 030227 psychiatry Psychiatry and Mental health Reward dependence reward dependence reward deficiency syndrome business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery neuropsychological deficits |
| Zdroj: | Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment |
| ISSN: | 1178-2021 1176-6328 |
| Popis: | Molecular genetic studies have identified several genes that may mediate susceptibility to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A consensus of the literature suggests that when there is a dysfunction in the "brain reward cascade," especially in the dopamine system, causing a low or hypo-dopaminergic trait, the brain may require dopamine for individuals to avoid unpleasant feelings. This high-risk genetic trait leads to multiple drug-seeking behaviors, because the drugs activate release of dopamine, which can diminish abnormal cravings. Moreover, this genetic trait is due in part to a form of a gene (DRD(2) A1 allele) that prevents the expression of the normal laying down of dopamine receptors in brain reward sites. This gene, and others involved in neurophysiological processing of specific neurotransmitters, have been associated with deficient functions and predispose individuals to have a high risk for addictive, impulsive, and compulsive behavioral propensities. It has been proposed that genetic variants of dopaminergic genes and other "reward genes" are important common determinants of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS), which we hypothesize includes ADHD as a behavioral subtype. We further hypothesize that early diagnosis through genetic polymorphic identification in combination with DNA-based customized nutraceutical administration to young children may attenuate behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD. Moreover, it is concluded that dopamine and serotonin releasers might be useful therapeutic adjuncts for the treatment of other RDS behavioral subtypes, including addictions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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