Innate Immune Surveillance in the Central Nervous System Following Legionella pneumophila Infection

Autor: Pasqualina Laganà, Giuseppe Mancuso, Santi Delia, Maria Elsa Gambuzza, Luca Soraci
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Inflammasomes
Legionnaire’s disease
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Inflammation
Biology
Legionella pneumophila
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
medicine
Animals
Humans
Immune-targeting therapeutics
Innate immunity
Pharmacology
Innate immune system
Microglia
Macrophages
General Neuroscience
Toll-Like Receptors
Pyroptosis
Pattern recognition receptor
Inflammasome
biology.organism_classification
Immunity
Innate
medicine.anatomical_structure
Legionnaire’s disease
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Innate immunity
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Inflammation
Immune-targeting therapeutics
Immunology
Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins
DEAD Box Protein 58
bacteria
medicine.symptom
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
030215 immunology
medicine.drug
Zdroj: CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets. 16:1080-1089
ISSN: 1871-5273
DOI: 10.2174/1871527316666171123210420
Popis: Background & objective The innate immune response is a common occurrence in many neuroinflammatory diseases. Central Nervous System (CNS) resident immune cells are able to detect and react to infections and sterile trauma. Peripheral immune cell migration into CNS is regulated by the blood-brain barrier, although peripheral immune cells can invade CNS through meninges, choroid plexus, perivascular spaces, and cerebrospinal fluid. Consequently, in the brain, immune reactions can be mediated by both resident and peripheral immune cells. Both in the periphery and within the CNS, innate immune response is regulated by a wide array of pattern recognition receptors, including Tolllike, scavenger, Retinoic Acid-inducible Gene-1 like, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domainslike responsible for inflammasome formation. Inflammasome pathway activation induces pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory cell death pattern that occurs to remove intracellular pathogens. Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular microorganism responsible for Legionnaires' disease, a lung infection always associated to neurological dysfunctions. Recent studies have been shown that Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains-like receptors, and RIG-1 like, are activated by L. pneumophila. This flagellated bacterium is able to replicate in phagocytic cells, including macrophages and microglia, responding by activating inflammasome pathways that may be the cause of CNS dysfunction detected in several infected patients. Conclusion The aim of this review is to bring together the latest findings concerning L. pneumophila infection and innate immune host cell responses. A deeper knowledge of these processes could allow the use of immunomodulatory compounds able to counteract CNS involvement following L. pneumophila infection.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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