Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19

Autor: Tomal Dattaroy, Santanu Dasgupta, Vinod Nagle, Jayanta Talukdar, Bhaskar Bhadra
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
ARDS
Exacerbation
MSCs
mesenchymal stem cells
MPO
myeloperoxidase
Review
ICAM-1
intercellular adhesion molecule-1
Xanthophylls
Cytokine storm
M-CSF
macrophage colony-stimulating factor
PDGF
platelet-derived growth factor
Pathogenesis
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
IkB
inhibitor nuclear factor-kappa B
GSH
glutathione
TGF
transforming growth factor
NT
nitrotyrosine
TNF
tumor necrosis factor
LDH
lactate dehydrogenase
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
IL-1ra
interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
General Medicine
VEGF
vascular endothelial growth factor
CCL-3
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
COX-2
cyclooxygenase-2
CRP
C-reactive protein
LPS
lipopolysaccharide
Cytokines
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
dsRNA
double stranded ribonucleic acid
Antioxidant
GM-CSF
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
MIP
macrophage inflammatory protein
ALT
alanine transaminase
HCFs
human cardiac fibroblasts
HDAC4
histone deacetylase 4
RM1-950
Lung injury
Antiviral Agents
stat
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
Fibrinolytic Agents
SOD
superoxide dismutase
medicine
PGE2
prostaglandin E2
Animals
Humans
ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Pharmacology
MDA
malondialdehyde
NO
nitric oxide
business.industry
PPARs
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
SARS-CoV-2
Astaxanthin
COVID-19
MCP
monocyte chemoattractant protein
medicine.disease
G-CSF
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
030104 developmental biology
Immunology
FOXO3
forkhead box O3 gene
HGF
hepatocyte growth factor
MMPs
matrix metalloproteinases
HIF-1α
hypoxia inducible factor 1α
Therapeutics. Pharmacology
AST
aminotransferase
Anti-inflammatory
business
MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
LFA-1
leukocyte function antigen 1
Zdroj: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Vol 132, Iss, Pp 110886-(2020)
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
ISSN: 1950-6007
Popis: Graphical abstract
Highlights • CS triggered by excessive inflammatory response drives the pathogenesis of COVID-19. • ASX inhibits TNFα, IL1β, IL6 via regulation of NF-kB & JAK/STAT; prevents CS & ALI/ARDS. • ASX suppresses plasma CRP, iNOS, COX2, PGE2 & ICAM-1; prevents oxidative damages. • ASX inhibits NLRP3, HIF1α, activates Nrf2, Sirtuin pathways; exerts antioxidant effect. • ASX enhances immune responses, NK cell activity, T- & B- cell population.
Host excessive inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought to underpin the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated severe pneumonitis and acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Once an immunological complication like cytokine storm occurs, anti-viral based monotherapy alone is not enough. Additional anti-inflammatory treatment is recommended. It must be noted that anti-inflammatory drugs such as JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, TNF-α inhibitors, colchicine, etc., have been either suggested or are under trials for managing cytokine storm in COVID-19 infections. Natural astaxanthin (ASX) has a clinically proven safety profile and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. There is evidence from preclinical studies that supports its preventive actions against ALI/ARDS. Moreover, ASX has a potent PPARs activity. Therefore, it is plausible to speculate that ASX could be considered as a potential adjunctive supplement. Here, we summarize the mounting evidence where ASX is shown to exert protective effect by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. We present reports where ASX is shown to prevent against oxidative damage and attenuate exacerbation of the inflammatory responses by regulating signaling pathways like NF-ĸB, NLRP3 and JAK/STAT. These evidences provide a rationale for considering natural astaxanthin as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory cytokine storm and associated risks in COVID-19 infection and this suggestion requires further validation with clinical studies.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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