Control of Trachoma from Achham District, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Nepal National Trachoma Program
Autor: | Puja A. Cuddapah, Ramesh C. Bhatta, Thomas M. Lietman, Diana L. Martin, Nicole E. Stoller, Suresh Awasthi, Sarah Gwyn, Sailesh Mishra, J.S.P. Chaudhary, Jeremy D. Keenan, Shekhar Sharma, Bruce D. Gaynor, Bidya Prasad Pant |
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Přispěvatelé: | Ngondi, Jeremiah M |
Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
Bacterial Diseases
Male Eye Diseases Physiology Cross-sectional study Prevalence Chlamydia trachomatis Pathology and Laboratory Medicine medicine.disease_cause Biochemistry Medical and Health Sciences Chlamydia Infection Serology Geographical Locations 0302 clinical medicine Antibiotics Immune Physiology Epidemiology Medicine and Health Sciences 030212 general & internal medicine Chlamydia Child Immune System Proteins Antimicrobials lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Drugs Biological Sciences Bacterial Pathogens 3. Good health Anti-Bacterial Agents Infectious Diseases Trachoma Medical Microbiology Child Preschool Pathogens Infection Research Article Neglected Tropical Diseases medicine.medical_specialty Asia lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine lcsh:RC955-962 Immunology 030231 tropical medicine Sexually Transmitted Diseases Microbiology Antibodies 03 medical and health sciences Nepal Clinical Research Microbial Control Internal medicine Tropical Medicine medicine Seroprevalence Humans Preschool Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision Microbial Pathogens Pharmacology Bacteria business.industry Organisms Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Biology and Life Sciences Proteins Infant lcsh:RA1-1270 Tropical Diseases medicine.disease eye diseases Ophthalmology Good Health and Well Being Cross-Sectional Studies People and Places Sexually Transmitted Infections Bacterial antigen business |
Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 2, p e0004462 (2016) PLoS neglected tropical diseases, vol 10, iss 2 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
ISSN: | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
Popis: | Background The WHO seeks to control trachoma as a public health problem in endemic areas. Achham District in western Nepal was found to have TF (trachoma follicular) above 20% in a 2006 government survey, triggering 3 annual mass drug administrations finishing in 2010. Here we assess the level of control that has been achieved using surveillance for clinical disease, ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection, and serology for antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigens. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of children aged 1–9 years in communities in Achham District in early 2014 including clinical examination validated with photographs, conjunctival samples for Chlamydia trachomatis (Amplicor PCR), and serological testing for antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigens pgp3 and CT694 using the Luminex platform. Findings In 24 randomly selected communities, the prevalence of trachoma (TF and/or TI) in 1–9 year olds was 3/1124 (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8%), and the prevalence of ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection was 0/1124 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 0.3%). In 18 communities selected because they had the highest prevalence of trachoma in a previous survey, the prevalence of TF and/or TI was 7/716 (1.0%, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.0%) and the prevalence of ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection was 0/716 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 0.5%). In 3 communities selected for serological testing, the prevalence of trachoma was 0/68 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 5.3%), the prevalence of ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection was 0/68 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 0.5%), the prevalence of antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigen pgp3 was 1/68 (1.5%, 95% CI 0.04% to 7.9%), and the prevalence of antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigen CT694 was 0/68 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 5.3%). Conclusion/Significance This previously highly endemic district in Nepal has little evidence of recent clinical disease, chlamydia trachomatis infection, or serological evidence of trachoma, suggesting that epidemiological control has been achieved. Author Summary Trachoma is the most common cause of blindness from a bacterial infection in the world. It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The WHO (World Health Organization) seeks to control this disease worldwide using SAFE which includes mass antibiotic administrations (MDA) with azithromycin. The Nepal National Trachoma Program was started in 2002 with the goal of controlling trachoma as a public health problem. We did a survey in Achham District in early 2014 and found the prevalence of clinical signs of trachoma, chlamydia trachomatis infection and antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis were all below 1% in 1–9 year olds. Trachoma has been controlled and is no longer a public health problem in Achham district Nepal. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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