Control of Trachoma from Achham District, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Nepal National Trachoma Program

Autor: Puja A. Cuddapah, Ramesh C. Bhatta, Thomas M. Lietman, Diana L. Martin, Nicole E. Stoller, Suresh Awasthi, Sarah Gwyn, Sailesh Mishra, J.S.P. Chaudhary, Jeremy D. Keenan, Shekhar Sharma, Bruce D. Gaynor, Bidya Prasad Pant
Přispěvatelé: Ngondi, Jeremiah M
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Bacterial Diseases
Male
Eye Diseases
Physiology
Cross-sectional study
Prevalence
Chlamydia trachomatis
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
medicine.disease_cause
Biochemistry
Medical and Health Sciences
Chlamydia Infection
Serology
Geographical Locations
0302 clinical medicine
Antibiotics
Immune Physiology
Epidemiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
030212 general & internal medicine
Chlamydia
Child
Immune System Proteins
Antimicrobials
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Drugs
Biological Sciences
Bacterial Pathogens
3. Good health
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Infectious Diseases
Trachoma
Medical Microbiology
Child
Preschool
Pathogens
Infection
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
medicine.medical_specialty
Asia
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
lcsh:RC955-962
Immunology
030231 tropical medicine
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Microbiology
Antibodies
03 medical and health sciences
Nepal
Clinical Research
Microbial Control
Internal medicine
Tropical Medicine
medicine
Seroprevalence
Humans
Preschool
Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
Microbial Pathogens
Pharmacology
Bacteria
business.industry
Organisms
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
Infant
lcsh:RA1-1270
Tropical Diseases
medicine.disease
eye diseases
Ophthalmology
Good Health and Well Being
Cross-Sectional Studies
People and Places
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Bacterial antigen
business
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 2, p e0004462 (2016)
PLoS neglected tropical diseases, vol 10, iss 2
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
1935-2727
Popis: Background The WHO seeks to control trachoma as a public health problem in endemic areas. Achham District in western Nepal was found to have TF (trachoma follicular) above 20% in a 2006 government survey, triggering 3 annual mass drug administrations finishing in 2010. Here we assess the level of control that has been achieved using surveillance for clinical disease, ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection, and serology for antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigens. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of children aged 1–9 years in communities in Achham District in early 2014 including clinical examination validated with photographs, conjunctival samples for Chlamydia trachomatis (Amplicor PCR), and serological testing for antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigens pgp3 and CT694 using the Luminex platform. Findings In 24 randomly selected communities, the prevalence of trachoma (TF and/or TI) in 1–9 year olds was 3/1124 (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8%), and the prevalence of ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection was 0/1124 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 0.3%). In 18 communities selected because they had the highest prevalence of trachoma in a previous survey, the prevalence of TF and/or TI was 7/716 (1.0%, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.0%) and the prevalence of ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection was 0/716 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 0.5%). In 3 communities selected for serological testing, the prevalence of trachoma was 0/68 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 5.3%), the prevalence of ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection was 0/68 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 0.5%), the prevalence of antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigen pgp3 was 1/68 (1.5%, 95% CI 0.04% to 7.9%), and the prevalence of antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis protein antigen CT694 was 0/68 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 5.3%). Conclusion/Significance This previously highly endemic district in Nepal has little evidence of recent clinical disease, chlamydia trachomatis infection, or serological evidence of trachoma, suggesting that epidemiological control has been achieved.
Author Summary Trachoma is the most common cause of blindness from a bacterial infection in the world. It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The WHO (World Health Organization) seeks to control this disease worldwide using SAFE which includes mass antibiotic administrations (MDA) with azithromycin. The Nepal National Trachoma Program was started in 2002 with the goal of controlling trachoma as a public health problem. We did a survey in Achham District in early 2014 and found the prevalence of clinical signs of trachoma, chlamydia trachomatis infection and antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis were all below 1% in 1–9 year olds. Trachoma has been controlled and is no longer a public health problem in Achham district Nepal.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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