Choice of vehicle affects pyraclostrobin toxicity in mice
Autor: | Alexander H. Tuttle, Ellen M. Cooper, Gabriela Salazar, Mark J. Zylka, Heather M. Stapleton |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Male
Environmental Engineering Animal feed Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology Administration Oral 02 engineering and technology Methylcellulose 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Article chemistry.chemical_compound Toxicity Tests Animals Environmental Chemistry Food science 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Drug Carriers Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Water General Medicine General Chemistry Strobilurins Pollution Fungicides Industrial 020801 environmental engineering Mice Inbred C57BL Fungicide Vegetable oil chemistry Azoxystrobin Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Methyl cellulose Strobilurin Toxicity Corn Oil Corn oil |
Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 218:501-506 |
ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
Popis: | Pyraclostrobin is a strobilurin fungicide that inhibits mitochondrial complex III of fungal and mammalian cells. In toxicity studies that were used to estimate the safety factor, pyraclostrobin was added to animal feed or to aqueous vehicles. However, foods containing residues of pyraclostrobin and other strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin) are frequently prepared in vegetable oil prior to human consumption. The primary objective of this study was to determine if pyraclostrobin dissolved in an oil-based vehicle had adverse health outcomes in mice when compared to aqueous-based vehicles. We found that pyraclostrobin does not fully dissolve in aqueous methyl cellulose (MC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), two vehicles used in industry-sponsored toxicity studies, but does fully dissolve in corn oil. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice receiving pyraclostrobin in corn oil displayed adverse health outcomes, including loss of body weight, hypothermia and diarrhea at lower doses than when added to feed or to aqueous vehicles. Our data suggest that previous studies underestimated the true toxicity of pyraclostrobin in mammals. Additional toxicity tests using oil-based vehicles are recommended to verify current safety recommendations for strobilurin fungicides. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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