Potential for Low-Pathogenic Avian H7 Influenza A Viruses To Replicate and Cause Disease in a Mammalian Model
| Autor: | David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson, Robert G. Webster, Cheryl A. Jones, Lisa Kercher, James C. Paulson, David E. Wentworth, Mark Zanin, Scott Krauss, Angela Danner, Jon D. Gabbard, Elizabeth W. Howerth, Ryan McBride, Stephen M. Tompkins, Kimberly Friedman, Zeynep A. Koçer, Jon P. Seiler |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Genes Viral Genotype viruses Viral pathogenesis Immunology Biology Virus Replication medicine.disease_cause Microbiology H5N1 genetic structure Birds Mice 03 medical and health sciences Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virology Influenza A virus medicine Animals Lung Phylogeny Mammals Outbreak Viral Load N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology Viral replication Influenza in Birds Insect Science Pathogenesis and Immunity Female Viral load |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Virology. 91 |
| ISSN: | 1098-5514 0022-538X |
| Popis: | H7 subtype influenza A viruses are widely distributed and have been responsible for human infections and numerous outbreaks in poultry with significant impact. Despite this, the disease-causing potential of the precursor low-pathogenic (LP) H7 viruses from the wild bird reservoir has not been investigated. Our objective was to assess the disease-causing potential of 30 LP H7 viruses isolated from wild avian species in the United States and Canada using the DBA/2J mouse model. Without prior mammalian adaptation, the majority of viruses, 27 (90%), caused mortality in mice. Of these, 17 (56.7%) caused 100% mortality and 24 were of pathogenicity similar to that of A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9), which is highly pathogenic in mice. Viruses of duck origin were more pathogenic than those of shorebird origin, as 13 of 18 (72.2%) duck origin viruses caused 100% mortality while 4 of 12 (33.3%) shorebird origin viruses caused 100% mortality, despite there being no difference in mean lung viral titers between the groups. Replication beyond the respiratory tract was also evident, particularly in the heart and brain. Of the 16 viruses studied for fecal shedding, 11 were detected in fecal samples. These viruses exhibited a strong preference for avian-type α2,3-linked sialic acids; however, binding to mammalian-type α2,6-linked sialic acids was also detected. These findings indicate that LP avian H7 influenza A viruses are able to infect and cause disease in mammals without prior adaptation and therefore pose a potential public health risk. IMPORTANCE Low-pathogenic (LP) avian H7 influenza A viruses are widely distributed in the avian reservoir and are the precursors of numerous outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in commercial poultry farms. However, unlike highly pathogenic H7 viruses, the disease-causing potential of LP H7 viruses from the wild bird reservoir has not been investigated. To address this, we studied 30 LP avian H7 viruses isolated from wild avian species in the United States and Canada using the DBA/2J mouse model. Surprisingly, the majority of these viruses, 90%, caused mortality in mice without prior mammalian adaptation, and 56.7% caused 100% mortality. There was also evidence of spread beyond the respiratory tract and fecal shedding. Therefore, the disease-causing potential of LP avian H7 influenza A viruses in mammals may be underestimated, and these viruses therefore pose a potential public health risk. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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