Using chromosomal data in the phylogenetic and molecular dating framework: karyotype evolution and diversification in Nierembergia (Solanaceae) influenced by historical changes in sea level
| Autor: | María Cristina Acosta, Andrea Aristides Cocucci, Eduardo A. Moscone |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Heterochromatin Lineage (evolution) Oceans and Seas Karyotype Plant Science Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Chromosomes Plant Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences Phylogenetics Nierembergia Clade Mexico Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics In Situ Hybridization Fluorescence Phylogeny Solanaceae Phylogenetic tree Chromosome Bayes Theorem General Medicine South America biology.organism_classification Chromosome Banding 030104 developmental biology Evolutionary biology Karyotyping |
| Zdroj: | Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany). 18(3) |
| ISSN: | 1438-8677 |
| Popis: | Karyotype data within a phylogenetic framework and molecular dating were used to examine chromosome evolution in Nierembergia and to infer how geological or climatic processes have influenced in the diversification of this solanaceous genus native to South America and Mexico. Despite the numerous studies comparing karyotype features across species, including the use of molecular phylogenies, to date relatively few studies have used formal comparative methods to elucidate chromosomal evolution, especially to reconstruct the whole ancestral karyotypes. Here, we mapped on the Nierembergia phylogeny one complete set of chromosomal data obtained by conventional staining, AgNOR-, C- and fluorescent chromosome banding, and fluorescent in situ hybridisation. In addition, we used a Bayesian molecular relaxed clock to estimate divergence times between species. Nierembergia showed two major divergent clades: a mountainous species group with symmetrical karyotypes, large chromosomes, only one nucleolar organising region (NOR) and without centromeric heterochromatin, and a lowland species group with asymmetrical karyotypes, small chromosomes, two chromosomes pairs with NORs and centromeric heterochromatin bands. Molecular dating on the DNA phylogeny revealed that both groups diverged during Late Miocene, when Atlantic marine ingressions, called the 'Paranense Sea', probably forced the ancestors of these species to find refuge in unflooded areas for about 2 Myr. This split agrees with an increased asymmetry and heterochromatin amount, and decrease in karyotype length and chromosome size. Thus, when the two Nierembergia ancestral lineages were isolated, major divergences occurred in chromosomal evolution, and then each lineage underwent speciation separately, with relatively minor changes in chromosomal characteristics. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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