Static and Evolving Norovirus Genotypes: Implications for Epidemiology and Immunity

Autor: Kim Y. Green, Consolee K. Karangwa, Jordan A. Johnson, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, R. Burke Squires, Gabriel I. Parra, Cara J. Lepore
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
RNA viruses
Viral Diseases
Heredity
viruses
medicine.disease_cause
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Genome
fluids and secretions
Genotype
Medicine and Health Sciences
Biology (General)
Genome Evolution
Caliciviridae Infections
Genetics
education.field_of_study
Molecular Epidemiology
Microbial Mutation
virus diseases
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Phylogenetic Analysis
Genomics
Genetic Mapping
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Viral evolution
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Pathogens
Research Article
Genome evolution
Evolutionary Immunology
QH301-705.5
Immunology
Population
Variant Genotypes
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
Caliciviruses
Viral Evolution
Molecular Evolution
Evolution
Molecular
03 medical and health sciences
Virology
medicine
Humans
education
Molecular Biology Techniques
Microbial Pathogens
Molecular Biology
Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques
Evolutionary Biology
Biology and life sciences
Norovirus
Organisms
Outbreak
Computational Biology
Calicivirus Infection
RC581-607
Organismal Evolution
030104 developmental biology
Microbial Evolution
Parasitology
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Zdroj: PLoS Pathogens
PLoS Pathogens, Vol 13, Iss 1, p e1006136 (2017)
ISSN: 1553-7374
1553-7366
Popis: Noroviruses are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Their RNA genomes are diverse, with two major genogroups (GI and GII) comprised of at least 28 genotypes associated with human disease. To elucidate mechanisms underlying norovirus diversity and evolution, we used a large-scale genomics approach to analyze human norovirus sequences. Comparison of over 2000 nearly full-length ORF2 sequences representing most of the known GI and GII genotypes infecting humans showed a limited number (≤5) of distinct intra-genotypic variants within each genotype, with the exception of GII.4. The non-GII.4 genotypes were comprised of one or more intra-genotypic variants, with each variant containing strains that differed by only a few residues over several decades (remaining “static”) and that have co-circulated with no clear epidemiologic pattern. In contrast, the GII.4 genotype presented the largest number of variants (>10) that have evolved over time with a clear pattern of periodic variant replacement. To expand our understanding of these two patterns of diversification (“static” versus “evolving”), we analyzed using NGS the nearly full-length norovirus genome in healthy individuals infected with GII.4, GII.6 or GII.17 viruses in different outbreak settings. The GII.4 viruses accumulated mutations rapidly within and between hosts, while the GII.6 and GII.17 viruses remained relatively stable, consistent with their diversification patterns. Further analysis of genetic relationships and natural history patterns identified groupings of certain genotypes into larger related clusters designated here as “immunotypes”. We propose that “immunotypes” and their evolutionary patterns influence the prevalence of a particular norovirus genotype in the human population.
Author Summary Efforts are underway to develop vaccines against norovirus, a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. The purpose of our study was to understand how norovirus strains within different genotypes evolve and adapt as they are transmitted in the human population. Using large-scale genomics and computational tools developed in our laboratory, we identified two strikingly different evolutionary patterns among norovirus genotypes: “static” and “evolving.” We mined large datasets from infection and outbreak studies in context of these evolutionary patterns and propose a new model for antigenic clustering of norovirus genotypes that could simplify vaccine design.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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