HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations in the northern Brazilian region
| Autor: | Mônica Nogueira da Guarda Reis, Mariane Martins de Araújo Stefani, Myuki A E Crispim |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
medicine.medical_specialty Genotype HIV subtype diversity Drug Resistance HIV Infections Drug resistance Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Biology Microbiology HIV drug resistance mutations Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Drug Resistance Viral Pandemic medicine Humans Northern Pandemics Phylogeny HIV genetic diversity HIV antiretroviral drug resistance Genetic diversity SARS-CoV-2 Public health COVID-19 Sequence Analysis DNA medicine.disease Reverse transcriptase QR1-502 Infectious Diseases Mutation HIV-1 Brazil Demography Founder effect |
| Zdroj: | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases v.25 n.3 2021 Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (BSID) instacron:BSID Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 25, Iss 3, Pp 101596-(2021) Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume: 25, Issue: 3, Article number: 101596, Published: 01 OCT 2021 |
| Popis: | Brazil is a huge continental country with striking geographic differences which are well illustrated in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Contrasting with the significant decline in the national AIDS detection rate in the last decade, a linear growth has been reported in the Northern region. Despite its public health and epidemiologic importance, there is scarce HIV-1 molecular data from Northern Brazil. This scoping review summarizes recent epidemiologic data with special emphasis on HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in patients from the seven Northern states of Brazil. Studies from the Northern Brazil on different HIV-1 genomic regions, mostly pol (protease/reverse transcriptase) sequences of naïve/antiretroviral treated adults/children were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE electronic database. These studies indicate a consistent molecular profile largely dominated by HIV-1 subtype B with minor contribution of subtypes F1 and C and infrequent detection of other subtypes (A1, D, K), recombinants (BF1, BC), circulating recombinant forms (CRF) as the new CRF90_BF1 and CRF02_AG-like, CRF28–29_BF-like, CRF31_BC-like, and a potential new CRF_BF1. This pattern indicates a founder effect of subtype B and the introduction of non-B-subtypes and recombinants probably generated in the Southern/Southeastern regions. In naïve populations transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can impact the outcome of first-line antiretroviral treatment and prophylactic/preventive regimens. In the Northern region TDR rates are moderate while patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed high prevalence of acquired drug resistance mutations. The limited HIV-1 molecular data from Northern Brazil reflects the great challenges to generate comprehensive scientific data in isolated, underprivileged areas. It also highlights the need to invest in local capacity building which supported by adequate infrastructure and funding can promote robust research activities to help reduce the scientific asymmetries in the Northern region. Currently the impacts of the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic on the expanding HIV/AIDS epidemic in Northern Brazil deserves to be closely monitored. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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