Water Quality and Life Expectancy: Parallel Courses in Time
Autor: | Jim Zhang, Heikki S. Vuorinen, Riikka P. Juuti, Tapio S. Katko, Christos Nikolaidis, George Samonis, Andreas N. Angelakis, Petri Juuti |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Modern medicine
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering contemporary times media_common.quotation_subject Geography Planning and Development 0207 environmental engineering Water supply 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Aquatic Science water quality 01 natural sciences Biochemistry lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Personal hygiene lcsh:TC1-978 Development economics historical times Population growth Improved sanitation 020701 environmental engineering 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology media_common 2. Zero hunger lcsh:TD201-500 medieval times business.industry Longevity 6. Clean water 3. Good health population growth life expectancy Life expectancy Water quality business |
Zdroj: | Water, Vol 13, Iss 752, p 752 (2021) |
ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
Popis: | Since ancient times, the need for healthy water has resulted in the development of various kinds of water supply systems. From early history, civilizations have developed water purification devices and treatment methods. The necessity for fresh water has influenced individual lives as well as communities and societies. During the last two hundred years, intensive and effective efforts have been made internationally for sufficient water quantity and quality. At the same time, human life expectancy has increased all over the globe at unprecedented rates. The present work represents an effort to sketch out how water purity and life expectancy have entangled, thus influencing one another. Water properties and characteristics have directly affected life quality and longevity. The dramatic increase in life expectancy has been, indisputably, affected by the improvement in water quality, but also in other concomitant factors, varying temporally and spatially in different parts of the world throughout the centuries. Water technologies and engineering have an unequivocal role on life expectancy. In some cases, they appear to have taken place earlier than the progress of modern medicine. Among these, improved sanitation, personal hygiene, progress in medicine, and better standards of economic living have played the greatest roles. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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