Physical punishment and child outcomes: a narrative review of prospective studies
| Autor: | Richard G. Watt, Anita Mehay, Jillian van Turnhout, Yvonne Kelly, Joan E. Durrant, Anja Heilmann, Elizabeth T. Gershoff |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Domestic Violence
education Child Behavior 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology behavioral disciplines and activities Article Developmental psychology 03 medical and health sciences Child Rearing 0302 clinical medicine Consistency (negotiation) Punishment Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Parent-Child Relations Child Prospective cohort study Physical punishment Extramural Child Protective Services social sciences General Medicine behavior and behavior mechanisms Narrative review Psychology psychological phenomena and processes Child behaviour |
| Zdroj: | Lancet |
| ISSN: | 0140-6736 |
| Popis: | Physical punishment is increasingly viewed as a form of violence that harms children. This narrative review summarises the findings of 69 prospective longitudinal studies to inform practitioners and policy makers about physical punishment’s outcomes. Our review identified seven key themes. First, physical punishment consistently predicts increases in child behaviour problems over time. Second, physical punishment is not associated with positive outcomes over time. Third, physical punishment increases the risk of involvement with child protective services. Fourth, the only evidence of children eliciting physical punishment is for externalising behaviour. Fifth, physical punishment predicts worsening behaviour over time in quasi-experimental studies. Sixth, associations between physical punishment and detrimental child outcomes are robust across child and parent characteristics. Finally, there is some evidence of a dose–response relationship. The consistency of these findings indicates that physical punishment is harmful to children and that policy remedies are warranted. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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