Effects of cigarette smoking and carbon monoxide on chlorzoxazone and caffeine metabolism
| Autor: | Peyton Jacob, Neal L. Benowitz, Margaret Peng |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2003 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Xanthine Oxidase Amino Acid Transport System A Amino Acid Transport Systems Metabolite Pharmacology Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry chemistry.chemical_compound Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Caffeine medicine Humans Pharmacology (medical) Xanthine oxidase Carbon Monoxide Muscle Relaxants Central Smoking CYP1A2 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Middle Aged Acetaminophen Chlorzoxazone Carboxyhemoglobin chemistry Area Under Curve Toxicity Central Nervous System Stimulants Carrier Proteins Drug metabolism Half-Life medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 74:468-474 |
| ISSN: | 0009-9236 |
| Popis: | Objectives Our objectives were to examine the effects of cigarette smoking on the disposition kinetics of chlorzoxazone and caffeine as probes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1, CYP1A2, xanthine oxidase, and N-acetyltransferase-2 activity and to test the hypothesis that carbon monoxide inhibits drug metabolism via these pathways. Methods Twelve cigarette smokers were studied in 3 treatment conditions, each lasting 7 days, during which they smoked cigarettes, breathed carbon monoxide to achieve carboxyhemoglobin levels similar to those associated with cigarette smoking, or breathed air. In each treatment condition, subjects received oral chlorzoxazone (250 mg) and caffeine (250 mg) with measurement of disposition kinetics and urine metabolite profiles. Results Compared with the air condition, cigarette smoking significantly induced the metabolism of chlorzoxazone (oral clearance, 5.9 ± 1.5 mL · min−1 · kg−1versus 4.8 ± 1.0 mL · min−1 · kg−1, P < .005) andcaffeine (2.0 ± 0.8 mL · min−1 · kg−1 versus 1.5 ± 0.7mL · min−1 · kg−1, P < .001) but had no effect on caffeine urine metabolite ratios that reflect xanthine oxidase and N-acetyltransferase-2 activity. Considerable individual variability was noted in the extent of induction of metabolism by cigarette smoking, particularly as it affects chlorzoxazone (change in oral clearance ranged from −10% to +71%). Carbon monoxide had no effect on chlorzoxazone or caffeine metabolism or caffeine metabolic profile. Conclusions This study provides novel evidence that cigarette smoking accelerates chlorzoxazone metabolism, most likely reflecting induction of CYP2E1 activity, in humans. Induction of CYP2E1 activity by cigarette smoking could contribute to tobacco-induced cancer, alcohol-induced liver disease, and the risk of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 74, 468–474; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.07.001 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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