An assessment of postcranial indices, ratios, and body mass versus eco-geographical variables of prehistoric Jomon, Yayoi agriculturalists, and Kumejima Islanders of Japan
| Autor: | Shiori Yonemoto, Hirofumi Takamuku, Conrad B. Quintyn, Noriko Seguchi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Human Migration Climatic adaptation Adaptation Biological Postcrania Nutritional Status Biology Anthropology Physical Prehistory Upper Extremity 03 medical and health sciences Genetic drift Japan Genetics Temperate climate Body Size Humans 0601 history and archaeology Selection Genetic Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 060101 anthropology Body proportions Models Genetic Ecology Genetic Drift Climatic variables 06 humanities and the arts 030104 developmental biology Archaeology Lower Extremity Anthropology Allometry Anatomy |
| Zdroj: | American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council. 29(5) |
| ISSN: | 1520-6300 |
| Popis: | Objectives We explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000–2500 BP), the Yayoi agriculturalists (2500–1700 BP) of Japan, and the Kumejima Islanders of the Ryukyus (1600–1800 AD) with 11 geographically diverse skeletal postcranial samples from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America using brachial-crural indices, femur head-breadth-to-femur length ratio, femur head-breadth-to-lower-limb-length ratio, and body mass as indicators of phenotypic climatic adaptation. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that variation in limb proportions seen in Jomon, Yayoi, and Kumejima is a complex interaction of genetic adaptation; development and allometric constraints; selection, gene flow and genetic drift with changing cultural factors (i.e., nutrition) and climate. Methods The skeletal data (1127 individuals) were subjected to principle components analysis, Manly's permutation multiple regression tests, and Relethford-Blangero analysis. Results The results of Manly's tests indicate that body proportions and body mass are significantly correlated with latitude, and minimum and maximum temperatures while limb proportions were not significantly correlated with these climatic variables. Principal components plots separated “climatic zones:” tropical, temperate, and arctic populations. The indigenous Jomon showed cold-adapted body proportions and warm-adapted limb proportions. Kumejima showed cold-adapted body proportions and limbs. The Yayoi adhered to the Allen-Bergmann expectation of cold-adapted body and limb proportions. Relethford-Blangero analysis showed that Kumejima experienced gene flow indicated by high observed variances while Jomon experienced genetic drift indicated by low observed variances. Conclusions The complex interaction of evolutionary forces and development/nutritional constraints are implicated in the mismatch of limb and body proportions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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