Distribution of Fluoride in the Phosphorite Mining Area of Hahotoe–Kpogame (Togo)
| Autor: | Kissao Gnandi, Gnon Tanouayi, Adoté Agbéko Aduayi-Akue, Yawovi Nyametso, Hodabalo Dheoulaba Solitoke, Kamilou Ouro-Sama, Housséni Ahoudi |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Chemistry business.industry 030111 toxicology Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Research Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Geochemistry Mineralogy Distribution (economics) 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease 01 natural sciences Pollution 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Phosphorite medicine business Fluoride Dental fluorosis 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Popis: | Background. Phosphorites in the mining area of Hahotoé-Kpogamé contain high levels of fluoride that can cause illness among people living close to the mining and processing sites. Objectives. To assess the distribution of fluoride in the different areas around the phosphorite mining areas in Togo. Methods. Analyses were performed by molecular absorption spectrometer (HACH DR3800) according to the procedure manual at the geochemical laboratory of the University of Lomé. The sodium 2 - (parasulfophenylazo) - 1,8 - dihydroxy - 3,6 - naphthalenedisulfonate (SPADNS) method was used to determine fluoride contents and the PhosVer® 3 with acid persulfate digestion method was used to measure phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). GraphPad Prism version 3.0 software was used for the data processing. Results. The surface water of the mining sites had a fluoride content ranging from 0.38 to 3.52 mg/l (average = 1.33 mg/l; n = 10, n is the number of samples). Groundwater in this area had a fluoride content between 0.15 mg/l and 1.39 mg/l (average = 0.58 mg/l, n = 15). In the groundwater in the villages around the phosphorite processing plant, the fluoride content ranged between 0.15 and 0.63 mg/l (average = 0.41 mg/l; n = 22). The fluoride content in the water of the phosphorite mining area was higher than in Gbodjomé (reference area). Meanwhile, assessment of the effluents discharged into the ocean had a fluoride content ranging from 12 to 20 mg/l. In dusts, the P2O5 and fluoride contents were 36.02% and 1.85%, respectively. Vegetables from the local market garden produce showed levels of fluoride up to 2.06%. The average contents of P2O5 and fluoride in one of the phosphorite profiles were 32.38% and 3.00%, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between P2O5 and fluoride. Conclusions. The correlation between P2O5 and fluoride in phosphorites shows that phosphorite mining is the main source of fluoride pollution in this area. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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