Annual Research Review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention
| Autor: | Daniel A. Camacho, Jessika H. Bottiani, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Sarah Lindstrom Johnson |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Suicide Prevention Adolescent media_common.quotation_subject Context (language use) Violence Racism Article Suicidal Ideation Prevention science 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Homicide Developmental and Educational Psychology Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences media_common Structural inequality 05 social sciences Socialization Health equity United States Psychiatry and Mental health Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Life course approach Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery 050104 developmental & child psychology Demography |
| Zdroj: | J Child Psychol Psychiatry |
| ISSN: | 1469-7610 |
| Popis: | Objective Research has identified the United States (U.S.) as a global outlier in its firearm ownership rates, with a correspondingly higher risk of youth firearm violence compared to other countries. The relative extent of disparities in youth firearm violence within the U.S. has been less clear. Little is known about factors in the social ecology driving these disparities and whether current firearm violence prevention approaches sufficiently address them. Method Applying a health disparities framework, we synthesized epidemiological, sociological, and prevention science literatures, emphasizing structural inequalities in youth sociocultural positionality in life course developmental context. We also highlighted findings from national injury data and other studies regarding the magnitude and impacts of youth firearm violence disparities. Results The burden of firearm violence varied markedly at intersections of gender, race, place, developmental stage, and homicidal or suicidal intent. Firearm homicide among Black boys and young men (ages 15-24) was at outlier levels - many times greater than the rates of any other demographic group, developmental stage, or violence intent, particularly in urban settings. Recent research has operationalized structural racism and implicated historically racialized spaces as a root cause of this disparity. In contrast, elevated firearm suicide rates were found among Native and White boys and young men in rural settings; firearm-related cultural attitudes and gender socialization were points of consideration to explain these disparities. We highlighted research-based youth firearm violence preventive interventions, and emphasized gaps in efforts focused on structural and sociocultural factors. Conclusions More explicit attention to reducing firearm homicide among Black boys and young men and firearm suicide among Native and rural White boys and young men is urgently needed and has potential to substantially lower overall rates of firearm violence in the U.S. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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