Exergy and environmental analysis of black liquor upgrading gasification in an integrated kraft pulp and ammonia production plant
| Autor: | Hector Ivan Velásquez, Daniel Flórez-Orrego, Moises Teles dos Santos, Silvio de Oliveira Junior, Meire Ellen Gorete Ribeiro Domingos |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
exergy
Exergy Environmental analysis business.industry fertilisers decarbonisation Biomass black liquor FERTILIZANTES Pulp and paper industry ammonia environmental impact Renewable energy Ammonia production entrained flow gasifier renewability General Energy Kraft process kraft pulp energy integration Exergy efficiency Environmental science business Black liquor |
| Zdroj: | Repositório Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
| ISSN: | 1742-8300 1742-8297 |
| DOI: | 10.1504/ijex.2021.115083 |
| Popis: | The black liquor is a byproduct of the kraft pulping process that contains more than half of the exergy content in the total woody biomass fed to the digester, representing a key supply of renewable energy to the pulping process. In this work, the conventional scenario of the black liquor use (i.e., concentration and combustion) is compared with the black liquor upgrading (via) gasification process for ammonia production in terms of economics, exergy efficiency and environmental impact. The combined energy integration and exergy analysis is used to identify the potential improvements that may remain hidden to the energy analysis alone, namely, the determination and mitigation of the process irreversibility. As a result, the exergy efficiencies of the conventional and the integrated cases average 40% and 42%, respectively, whereas the overall emission balance varies from 1.97 to −0.69 tCO2/tPulp, respectively. The negative CO2 emissions indicate the environmental benefits of the proposed integrated process compared to the conventional kraft pulp mill. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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