Multisite calibration of a microporous polyethylene tube passive sampler for quantifying drugs in wastewater
Autor: | Kevin V. Thomas, Cobus Gerber, Jochen F. Mueller, Rory Verhagen, Maulik Ghetia, Benjamin J. Tscharke, Joseph Clokey, Sarit Kaserzon |
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Přispěvatelé: | Verhagen, Rory, Tscharke, Benjamin J, Clokey, Joseph, Gerber, Cobus, Ghetia, Maulik, Kaserzon, Sarit L, Thomas, Kevin V, Mueller, Jochen F |
Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Analyte
0207 environmental engineering 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Wastewater 01 natural sciences wastewater influent chemistry.chemical_compound Calibration Environmental Chemistry 020701 environmental engineering passive sampling 0105 earth and related environmental sciences environmental monitoring Chromatography illicit and licit drugs Illicit Drugs Sampling (statistics) General Chemistry Microporous material Polyethylene 6. Clean water wastewater-based epidemiology chemistry Benzoylecgonine Environmental science population health Water Pollutants Chemical Passive sampling Environmental Monitoring |
Popis: | Passive sampling approaches to monitor licit and illicit drugs of concern in wastewater shows promise as a supplementary sampling technique to grab sampling when conventional composite autosampling may not be possible. Recent studies have assessed the applicability of passive sampling at a single wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). However, it remains unknown whether a single-site calibration can be applied to other WWTPs. This study evaluated the in situ calibration of microporous polyethylene tube passive samplers (MPTs) against simultaneously collected composite samples for 22 different WWTPs. Samples were analyzed for methylamphetamine, amphetamine, hydroxycotinine, cotinine, benzoylecgonine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and noroxycodone. Estimated rates of chemical uptake (sampling rates) were calculated using the mass accumulated in the samplers, the concentration measured in composite samples, and the duration of deployment. The estimated sampling rates were consistent between WWTPs (>90% within a factor of two) and ranged from 5 mL day-1(amphetamine) to 9 mL day-1(noroxycodone). The samplers were effective at estimating analyte concentrations, with 77% of results having a normalized difference to 24 h composite samples of below 30%. Our study suggests that MPT passive samplers provide a tool for the spatiotemporal monitoring of drug use where automated integrative sampling techniques may not be feasible. Refereed/Peer-reviewed |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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