Simulating Small Neural Circuits with a Discrete Computational Model

Autor:	O. P. Kuznetsov, Boris A. Boldyshev, Varvara E. Dyakonova, Nikolay I. Bazenkov
Rok vydání:	2020
Předmět:	0301 basic medicine General Computer Science Heartbeat Computer science Models Neurological Membrane Potentials 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Rhythm medicine Biological neural network Animals Neurons Artificial neural network biology Central pattern generator biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Aplysia Discrete Modeling Neural Networks Computer Neuron Nerve Net Biological system 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Biotechnology
Zdroj:	Biological Cybernetics. 114:349-362
ISSN:	1432-0770 0340-1200
DOI:	10.1007/s00422-020-00826-w
Popis:	Simulations of neural activity are commonly based on differential equations. We address the question what can be achieved with a simplified discrete model. The proposed model resembles artificial neural networks enriched with additional biologically inspired features. A neuron has several states, and the state transitions follow endogenous patterns which roughly correspond to firing behavior observed in biological neurons: oscillatory, tonic, plateauing, etc. Neural interactions consist of two components: synaptic connections and extrasynaptic emission of neurotransmitters. The dynamics is asynchronous and event-based; the events correspond to the changes in neurons activity. This model is innovative in introducing discrete framework for modeling neurotransmitter interactions which play the important role in neuromodulation. We simulate rhythmic activity of small neural ensembles like central pattern generators (CPG). The modeled examples include: the biphasic rhythm generated by the half-center mechanism with the post-inhibitory rebound (like the leech heartbeat CPG), the triphasic rhythm (like in pond snail feeding CPG) and the pattern switch in the system of several neurons (like the switch between ingestion and egestion in Aplysia feeding CPG). The asynchronous dynamics allows to obtain multi-phasic rhythms with phase durations close to their biological prototypes. The perspectives of discrete modeling in biological research are discussed in the conclusion.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::88d97284e5889ba61c43bc16a5eb7f16 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-020-00826-w Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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