PLOS ONE
| Autor: | Jason M. Unrine, Brian C. Reinsch, Sarah Anciaux, Bonnie M. McGill, Bojeong Kim, Michael F. Hochella, Liyan Yin, Gregory V. Lowry, Emily S. Bernhardt, Claudia K. Gunsch, Christina L. Arnaout, Benjamin P. Colman, Curtis J. Richardson, Justin P. Wright |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Geosciences |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Biosolids
Microorganism lcsh:Medicine Sewage Metal Nanoparticles 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences Silver nanoparticle Mesocosm chemistry.chemical_compound Biomass lcsh:Science Biomass (ecology) Multidisciplinary Ecology Chemistry Biogeochemistry Plants 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Pollution 6. Clean water Silver nitrate Environmental chemistry 0210 nano-technology Research Article Pollutants Environmental Engineering Silver Microbial Ecology Microscopy Electron Transmission Plant-Environment Interactions Environmental Chemistry Terrestrial Ecology Biology Ecosystem 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry Plant Ecology lcsh:R 13. Climate action Slurry Earth Sciences Silver Nitrate lcsh:Q business Environmental Sciences |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e57189 (2013) |
| Popis: | A large fraction of engineered nanomaterials in consumer and commercial products will reach natural ecosystems. To date, research on the biological impacts of environmental nanomaterial exposures has largely focused on high-concentration exposures in mechanistic lab studies with single strains of model organisms. These results are difficult to extrapolate to ecosystems, where exposures will likely be at low-concentrations and which are inhabited by a diversity of organisms. Here we show adverse responses of plants and microorganisms in a replicated long-term terrestrial mesocosm field experiment following a single low dose of silver nanoparticles (0.14 mg Ag kg−1 soil) applied via a likely route of exposure, sewage biosolid application. While total aboveground plant biomass did not differ between treatments receiving biosolids, one plant species, Microstegium vimeneum, had 32 % less biomass in the Slurry+AgNP treatment relative to the Slurry only treatment. Microorganisms were also affected by AgNP treatment, which gave a significantly different community composition of bacteria in the Slurry+AgNPs as opposed to the Slurry treatment one day after addition as analyzed by T-RFLP analysis of 16S-rRNA genes. After eight days, N2O flux was 4.5 fold higher in the Slurry+AgNPs treatment than the Slurry treatment. After fifty days, community composition and N2O flux of the Slurry+AgNPs treatment converged with the Slurry. However, the soil microbial extracellular enzymes leucine amino peptidase and phosphatase had 52 and 27% lower activities, respectively, while microbial biomass was 35% lower than the Slurry. We also show that the magnitude of these responses was in all cases as large as or larger than the positive control, AgNO3, added at 4-fold the Ag concentration of the silver nanoparticles. Published version |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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