Toxicity Testing by the Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA) in Relation to Trace Elements Content in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) Collected in Several Sites of Poland
| Autor: | Łukasz Tomczyk, Piotr Konieczny, Muhamad Alfiyan Zubaidi, Jędrzej Proch |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Bolete
Technology Dried fruit QH301-705.5 QC1-999 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences mushrooms extracts General Materials Science Food science Biology (General) QD1-999 Instrumentation 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes 0303 health sciences biology 030306 microbiology Physics Process Chemistry and Technology General Engineering food and beverages microbial assay risk assessment Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) biology.organism_classification Computer Science Applications Chemistry bioaccumulation exposure Boletus edulis Bioaccumulation Toxicity TA1-2040 Ecotoxicity |
| Zdroj: | Applied Sciences Volume 11 Issue 9 Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 4166, p 4166 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2076-3417 |
| Popis: | Boletus edulis (King bolete) is one of the most consumed wild mushrooms on a global scale, but this is particularly the case in Poland. Several studies have reported that mushrooms accumulate many potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Hg, Pb, and Cd, which may lead to adverse effects. Therefore, in this preliminary study, an assessment of the potential of a microbial assay for risk assessment (MARA) for ecotoxicological testing of both dried samples of fruiting bodies of King bolete collected from several sites of Poland and water extracts of mushrooms being tested were analyzed. An evaluation of MARA response in Boletus edulis extracts was performed to identify their toxicity and then, using the same samples, instrumental determination of 10 elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was performed. In general, the MARA responses indicated that the samples were only slightly toxic or nontoxic. Similarly, most of the PTEs were not detected in all dried samples of the fruiting bodies of King bolete. However, the analysis of digested samples (total content) proved that the elements’ content in water extracts was markedly lower than in dried fruit bodies. It implies that the MARA test corresponded better to the elements that are well extracted in water. Therefore, the MARA system can be applied for toxic identification if the targeted toxin is highly extracted in water. Further and more detailed research is still needed to develop reliable approach in order to evaluate the ecotoxicity in food-related bio-based raw materials using the MARA assay. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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