The occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in Slovenian and Croatian wastewaters and receiving Sava river
| Autor: | David Heath, Senka Terzić, Ester Heath, Marijan Ahel, Marjeta Česen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Croatian
geography Preservative Environmental Engineering geography.geographical_feature_category 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Analytic Chemistry Drainage basin 010501 environmental sciences Contamination 01 natural sciences Pollution language.human_language Wastewater Sava River Contaminats of emerging concern Surface water Environmental chemistry Environmental Science language Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Sewage treatment Waste Management and Disposal Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Science of the Total Environment |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | This study investigated the occurrence of 48 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in wastewater effluents from three Slovenian and three Croatian waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) representing the major inputs into the upper and middle course of the Sava River and simultaneously in the Sava River itself. Two sampling campaigns were carried out (May and July 2017). Samples were extracted using solid- phase extraction and analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. In effluents, 23 CECs were >LOQ with caffeine and the UV-filter 4-hydroxybenzophenone (H-BP) present in the highest concentrations ( 83.3%). Bisphenol B and E were detected for the first time in WW from Velika Gorica (May) and Zaprešić (July), respectively. In surface water (SW), 19 CECs were detected >LOQ with CAF again being the most abundant and most frequently detected (DFr = 92.9%). Bisphenols AP, CL2, P and Z were detected >LOQ for the first time in European SW. Active pharmaceutical ingredients naproxen, ketoprofen, carbamazepine and diclofenac ; the preservative methyl paraben ; CAF and UV-filter HM-BP were the most abundant CECs in SW and WW. An increasing trend in the total CEC load downstream was observed, indicating the cumulative effects of individual sources along the river. The Croatian Zaprešić, Zagreb and Velika Gorica WWTP effluents contributed the most towards the enhanced loads of the CECs studied probably due to their size or insufficient treatment. HM-BP was the only compound found at a levels exhibiting high environmental risk (RQ = 1.13) downstream from Ljubljana and Domžale-Kamnik WWTPs. Other SW samples that contained HM-BP, ibuprofen (API) and/or benzyl paraben (preservative) posed a medium risk to the environment. The results suggest the need for further monitoring of CECs in the Sava River Basin. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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