Whites’ County-Level Racial Bias, COVID-19 Rates, and Racial Inequities in the United States
| Autor: | Marilyn D. Thomas, M. Maria Glymour, Eli K. Michaels, Thu T. Nguyen, Sean Darling-Hammond, Eric Vittinghoff |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Adolescent Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis European Continental Ancestry Group lcsh:Medicine Health outcomes Toxicology Article White People Standard deviation 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Racism health inequities Medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine County level Pandemics African Americans 030505 public health Whites business.industry Prevention Mortality rate Incidence (epidemiology) Incidence lcsh:R Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Gender Identity COVID-19 Health Status Disparities Confidence interval United States racism and discrimination Black or African American Good Health and Well Being social determinants of health Racial bias Female 0305 other medical science business Demography |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 17 Issue 22 International journal of environmental research and public health, vol 17, iss 22 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 8695, p 8695 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph17228695 |
| Popis: | Mounting evidence reveals considerable racial inequities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in the United States (US). Area-level racial bias has been associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, but its association with COVID-19 is yet unexplored. Combining county-level data from Project Implicit on implicit and explicit anti-Black bias among non-Hispanic Whites, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, and The New York Times, we used adjusted linear regressions to estimate overall COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates through 01 July 2020, Black and White incidence rates through 28 May 2020, and Black&ndash White incidence rate gaps on average area-level implicit and explicit racial bias. Across 2994 counties, the average COVID-19 mortality rate (standard deviation) was 1.7/10,000 people (3.3) and average cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate was 52.1/10,000 (77.2). Higher racial bias was associated with higher overall mortality rates (per 1 standard deviation higher implicit bias b = 0.65/10,000 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.91) explicit bias b = 0.49/10,000 (0.27, 0.70)) and higher overall incidence (implicit bias b = 8.42/10,000 (4.64, 12.20) explicit bias b = 8.83/10,000 (5.32, 12.35)). In 957 counties with race-specific data, higher racial bias predicted higher White and Black incidence rates, and larger Black&ndash White incidence rate gaps. Anti-Black bias among Whites predicts worse COVID-19 outcomes and greater inequities. Area-level interventions may ameliorate health inequities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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