Distinct melanization pathways in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
| Autor: | Zhen Zou, Sang Woon Shin, Vladimir A. Kokoza, Alexander S. Raikhel, Kanwal S. Alvarez |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Proteases
animal structures medicine.medical_treatment Immunology Immunoblotting Aedes aegypti Biology Serine Immune system Aedes Two-Hybrid System Techniques Hemolymph medicine Immunology and Allergy Animals MOLIMMUNO Serpins Serine protease Melanins Protease Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Toll-Like Receptors Prophenoloxidase biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition biology.organism_classification Immunity Innate Cell biology Infectious Diseases biology.protein bacteria Serine Proteases |
| Zdroj: | Immunity. 32(1) |
| ISSN: | 1097-4180 |
| Popis: | SummarySerine protease cascades are involved in blood coagulation and immunity. In arthropods, they regulate melanization, which plays an important role in immune defense and wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying melanization pathways are not completely characterized. We found that in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, there are two distinct melanization activation pathways carried out by different modules of serine proteases and their specific inhibitors serpins. Immune melanization proteases (IMP-1 and IMP-2) and Serpin-1 mediate hemolymph prophenoloxidase cleavage and immune response against the malaria parasite. Tissue melanization, exemplified by the formation of melanotic tumors, is controlled by tissue melanization protease (CLIPB8), IMP-1, and Serpin-2. In addition, serine proteases CLIPB5 and CLIPB29 are involved in activation of Toll pathway by fungal infection or by infection-independent manner, respectively. Serpin-2 is implicated in the latter activation of Toll pathway. This study revealed the complexity underlying melanization and Toll pathway in mosquitoes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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