Optimistic, pessimistic, realistic: Event-related potential evidence for how depressive symptoms influences expectation formation in the Human brain

Autor: Florian Waszak, Romain Vincent, Yi Fang Hsu
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Adult
Male
media_common.quotation_subject
Prediction error
Denial
Psychological
Pessimism
Individual difference
Brain mapping
050105 experimental psychology
Task (project management)
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Optimism
Event-related potential
Humans
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Evoked Potentials
Molecular Biology
media_common
Brain Mapping
[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior
Depression
General Neuroscience
[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience
05 social sciences
Brain
Electroencephalography
Objective Evidence
Tone (literature)
Attitude
Gambling
Female
Neurology (clinical)
Tracking (education)
Cues
Psychology
Social psychology
Photic Stimulation
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Developmental Biology
Zdroj: Brain Research
Brain Research, Elsevier, 2015, 35 (43), pp.14653-14660. ⟨10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.029⟩
ISSN: 0006-8993
Popis: International audience; Recent research suggested a link between the prediction mechanism and depressive symptoms. While healthy people tend to maintain unrealistic optimism in the face of reality challenging their beliefs, depressed people show systematic pessimism. However, it remains unclear at which stage these individual differences in optimism/pessimism arise in the brain. In the current study we designed a simple gambling task with two difficulty levels, the easy game and the hard game. Participants were required to press one of four keys to gain a bonus signalled by a sinusoidal tone. For three of the four keys, the probability of getting a large bonus was 80% in the easy game and 8% in the hard game. In both games, the fourth key, randomly determined in each trial, yielded a large bonus with a probability of 100%. This arrangement allowed us to observe less/more depressed participants' optimistic/pessimistic expectations about hitting the key that guarantees a large bonus. The opposite expectation patterns of less/more depressed participants were reflected on the N1 amplitude. Meanwhile, all participants were well aware of the true probability of obtaining certain bonus in each game as reflected on the P3 amplitude. The results suggest that the subjective system (tracking subjective beliefs) and the objective system (tracking objective evidence) are dissociable in the human brain, with the former feeding information into sensory areas and the latter representing prediction errors on a higher level. Moreover, individual differences arise from variability in the former rather than the latter.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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